Sclerophrys
| Sclerophrys | |
|---|---|
| |
| Sclerophrys regularis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Sclerophrys Tschudi, 1838 |
| Type species | |
| Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838
| |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Sclerophrys is a genus of "true toads", family Bufonidae, native to Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula.[1][2] Originally, all of these species were classified in the genus Bufo. The genus, originally named Amietophrynus, was split due to large enough taxonomic divergence.[3] Ohler and Dubois[4] showed in 2016 that Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 is the same species as Bufo regularis rangeri Hewitt, 1935, the type species of Amietophrynus. Because the former name is older, the implication is that Amietophrynus is a junior synonym of Sclerophrys.[4][1]
Species
[edit]The following species are recognized in the genus Sclerophrys.[1][2]
| Binomial name and author | Common name(s) |
|---|---|
| Sclerophrys arabica (Heyden, 1827) | Arabian toad |
| Sclerophrys asmarae (Tandy, Bogart, Largen & Feener, 1982) | Asmara toad |
| Sclerophrys blanfordii (Boulenger, 1882) | Blanford's toad |
| Sclerophrys brauni (Nieden, 1911) | Braun's toad, dead-leaf toad |
| Sclerophrys buchneri (Peters, 1882) | Buchner's toad |
| Sclerophrys camerunensis (Parker, 1936) | Oban toad |
| Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 | Raucous toad |
| Sclerophrys channingi (Barej et al., 2011)[5] | Congolese giant toad |
| Sclerophrys chevalieri (Mocquard, 1908) | West African horned toad |
| Sclerophrys danielae (Perret, 1977) | Ivory Coast toad |
| Sclerophrys djohongensis (Hulselmans, 1977) | |
| Sclerophrys dodsoni (Boulenger, 1895) | Dodson's toad |
| Sclerophrys fuliginata (Witte, 1932) | Shaba Province toad, sooty toad |
| Sclerophrys funerea (Bocage, 1866) | Angola toad, somber toad |
| Sclerophrys garmani (Meek, 1897) | Garman's toad, olive toad, northern mottled toad |
| Sclerophrys gracilipes (Boulenger, 1899) | French Congo toad |
| Sclerophrys gutturalis (Power, 1927) | Lobatsi toad, guttural toad, square-marked toad |
| Sclerophrys kassasii (Baha El Din, 1993) | Damietta toad |
| Sclerophrys kerinyagae (Keith, 1968) | Keith's toad |
| Sclerophrys kisoloensis (Loveridge, 1932) | Kisolo toad |
| Sclerophrys langanoensis (Largen, Tandy & Tandy, 1978) | Lake Langano toad |
| Sclerophrys latifrons (Boulenger, 1900) | high tropical forest toad |
| Sclerophrys lemairii (Boulenger, 1901) | Pweto toad, Lemaire's toad, yellow swamp toad |
| Sclerophrys maculata (Hallowell, 1854) | Hallowell's toad, flat-backed toad, striped toad |
| Sclerophrys mauritanica (Schlegel, 1841) | Berber toad, Moroccan toad |
| Sclerophrys pantherina (Smith, 1828) | western leopard toad, panther toad, southern panther toad |
| Sclerophrys pardalis (Hewitt, 1935) | eastern leopard toad, Gleniffer toad, august toad, snoring toad |
| Sclerophrys pentoni (Anderson, 1893) | Penton's toad |
| Sclerophrys perreti (Schiøtz, 1963) | Perret's toad |
| Sclerophrys poweri (Hewitt, 1935) | Kimberley toad, Power's toad |
| Sclerophrys pusilla (Mertens, 1937) | Flat-backed toad |
| Sclerophrys reesi (Poynton, 1977) | Merera toad |
| Sclerophrys regularis (Reuss, 1833) | square-marked toad, African toad |
| Sclerophrys steindachneri (Pfeffer, 1893) | Steindachner's toad |
| Sclerophrys superciliaris (Boulenger, 1888) | Zaire toad, Cameroon toad |
| Sclerophrys taiensis (Rödel and Ernst, 2000) | Tai toad |
| Sclerophrys tihamica (Balletto and Cherchi, 1973) | Balletto's toad |
| Sclerophrys togoensis (Ahl, 1924) | Togo toad |
| Sclerophrys tuberosa (Günther, 1858) | Fernando Po toad |
| Sclerophrys turkanae (Tandy & Feener, 1985) | Lake Turkana toad |
| Sclerophrys urunguensis (Loveridge, 1932) | Urungu toad |
| Sclerophrys villiersi (Angel, 1940) | Villier's toad |
| Sclerophrys vittata (Boulenger, 1906) | banded toad, Degen's toad |
| Sclerophrys xeros (Tandy, Tandy, Keith & Duff-MacKay, 1976) | Subsaharan toad, Waza toad, savannah toad |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Sclerophrys Tschudi, 1838". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- ^ Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The amphibian tree of life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781. S2CID 86140137.
- ^ a b Ohler, Annemarie & Dubois, Alain (2016). "The identity of the South African toad Sclerophrys capensis Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia, Anura)". PeerJ. 4: e1553. doi:10.7717/peerj.1553. PMC 4715445. PMID 26788431.
- ^ Barej, M. F.; Schmitz, A.; Menegon, M.; Hillers, A.; Hinkel, H.; Böhme, W.; Rödel, M.-O. (2011). "Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris-species complex of giant toads". Zootaxa. 2772 (1): 1–32. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2772.1.1.
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