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Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893

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Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureTotal
Gamma−0.1764
Magnitude1.0556
Maximum eclipse
Duration287 s (4 min 47 s)
Coordinates1°18′N 34°36′W / 1.3°N 34.6°W / 1.3; -34.6
Max. width of band186 km (116 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse14:36:11
References
Saros127 (51 of 82)
Catalog # (SE5000)9264
Corona as viewed from Mina Los Bronces, Región de Atacama, Chile

A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Sunday, April 16, 1893, with a magnitude of 1.0556. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.3 days before perigee (on April 17, 1893, at 21:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]

The path of totality was visible from parts of the modern-day countries of Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, southern Algeria, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of South America, Africa, and Southern Europe.

Observations

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According to Edward S. Holden, John Martin Schaeberle discovered a comet like object on the plates of the eclipse from Chile. The comet was 0.8 Moon diameters from the Moon.[2]

Schaeberle observed the eclipse and made drawings of the Corona:


Predicted by Schaeberle

Observed by Schaeberle

Observed by Schaeberle

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]

April 16, 1893 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 1893 April 16 at 11:57:24.1 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 1893 April 16 at 12:52:48.9 UTC
First Central Line 1893 April 16 at 12:53:50.7 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 1893 April 16 at 12:54:52.6 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 1893 April 16 at 13:51:45.5 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 1893 April 16 at 14:26:54.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 1893 April 16 at 14:34:21.8 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 1893 April 16 at 14:36:11.0 UTC
Greatest Duration 1893 April 16 at 14:42:16.8 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 1893 April 16 at 15:20:49.8 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 1893 April 16 at 16:17:33.4 UTC
Last Central Line 1893 April 16 at 16:18:36.8 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 1893 April 16 at 16:19:40.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 1893 April 16 at 17:14:58.4 UTC
April 16, 1893 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 1.05562
Eclipse Obscuration 1.11434
Gamma −0.17634
Sun Right Ascension 01h39m29.7s
Sun Declination +10°20'33.9"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'55.5"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 01h39m49.3s
Moon Declination +10°11'02.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'32.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°00'40.6"
ΔT -6.4 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of April 1893
April 16
Ascending node (new moon)
April 30
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 127
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 139
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Eclipses in 1893

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 127

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1892–1895

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]

The partial solar eclipse on August 20, 1895 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1892 to 1895
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
117 April 26, 1892

Total
−0.8870 122 October 20, 1892

Partial
1.0286
127 April 16, 1893

Total
−0.1764 132 October 9, 1893

Annular
0.2866
137 April 6, 1894

Hybrid
0.5740 142 September 29, 1894

Total
−0.4573
147 March 26, 1895

Partial
1.3565 152 September 18, 1895

Partial
−1.1469

Saros 127

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 127, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 82 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on October 10, 991 AD. It contains total eclipses from May 14, 1352 through August 15, 2091. There are no annular or hybrid eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 82 as a partial eclipse on March 21, 2452. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 31 at 5 minutes, 40 seconds on August 30, 1532. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[5]

Series members 46–68 occur between 1801 and 2200:
46 47 48

February 21, 1803

March 4, 1821

March 15, 1839
49 50 51

March 25, 1857

April 6, 1875

April 16, 1893
52 53 54

April 28, 1911

May 9, 1929

May 20, 1947
55 56 57

May 30, 1965

June 11, 1983

June 21, 2001
58 59 60

July 2, 2019

July 13, 2037

July 24, 2055
61 62 63

August 3, 2073

August 15, 2091

August 26, 2109
64 65 66

September 6, 2127

September 16, 2145

September 28, 2163
67 68

October 8, 2181

October 19, 2199

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

23 eclipse events between February 3, 1859 and June 29, 1946
February 1–3 November 21–22 September 8–10 June 28–29 April 16–18
109 111 113 115 117

February 3, 1859

November 21, 1862

June 28, 1870

April 16, 1874
119 121 123 125 127

February 2, 1878

November 21, 1881

September 8, 1885

June 28, 1889

April 16, 1893
129 131 133 135 137

February 1, 1897

November 22, 1900

September 9, 1904

June 28, 1908

April 17, 1912
139 141 143 145 147

February 3, 1916

November 22, 1919

September 10, 1923

June 29, 1927

April 18, 1931
149 151 153 155

February 3, 1935

November 21, 1938

September 10, 1942

June 29, 1946

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

December 21, 1805
(Saros 119)

November 19, 1816
(Saros 120)

October 20, 1827
(Saros 121)

September 18, 1838
(Saros 122)

August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)

July 18, 1860
(Saros 124)

June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)

May 17, 1882
(Saros 126)

April 16, 1893
(Saros 127)

March 17, 1904
(Saros 128)

February 14, 1915
(Saros 129)

January 14, 1926
(Saros 130)

December 13, 1936
(Saros 131)

November 12, 1947
(Saros 132)

October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)

September 11, 1969
(Saros 134)

August 10, 1980
(Saros 135)

July 11, 1991
(Saros 136)

June 10, 2002
(Saros 137)

May 10, 2013
(Saros 138)

April 8, 2024
(Saros 139)

March 9, 2035
(Saros 140)

February 5, 2046
(Saros 141)

January 5, 2057
(Saros 142)

December 6, 2067
(Saros 143)

November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)

October 4, 2089
(Saros 145)

September 4, 2100
(Saros 146)

August 4, 2111
(Saros 147)

July 4, 2122
(Saros 148)

June 3, 2133
(Saros 149)

May 3, 2144
(Saros 150)

April 2, 2155
(Saros 151)

March 2, 2166
(Saros 152)

January 29, 2177
(Saros 153)

December 29, 2187
(Saros 154)

November 28, 2198
(Saros 155)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

June 16, 1806
(Saros 124)

May 27, 1835
(Saros 125)

May 6, 1864
(Saros 126)

April 16, 1893
(Saros 127)

March 28, 1922
(Saros 128)

March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)

February 16, 1980
(Saros 130)

January 26, 2009
(Saros 131)

January 5, 2038
(Saros 132)

December 17, 2066
(Saros 133)

November 27, 2095
(Saros 134)

November 6, 2124
(Saros 135)

October 17, 2153
(Saros 136)

September 27, 2182
(Saros 137)

Notes

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  1. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  2. ^ SENL200304 (PDF) at NASA.gov
  3. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1893 Apr 16". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  4. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  5. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 127". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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