Spirularia
| Spirularia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cerianthus filiformis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Subphylum: | Anthozoa |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Ceriantharia |
| Suborder: | Spirularia den Hartog, 1977[1] |
Spirularia is an suborder of marine cnidarians, tube-dwelling anemones, in the class Ceriantharia.[1][2] It is one of the two suborders making up Ceriantharia,[3] and includes two families, Botrucnidiferidae and Cerianthidae,[1] and around 99 species. The two suborders differ in the makeup of their cnidome (the types of cnidocyte present), the relative sizes of the oral discs and the shape and structure of the mesenteries.[4]
These anemones dwell in parchment-like tubes immersed in soft sediment, and have two whorls of tentacles, the outer tentacles being much longer than the inner ones.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Hoeksema, Bert (2015). "Spirularia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ Fautin, Daphne G.; Westfall, Jane A.; Cartwright, Paulyn; Daly, Marymegan; Wyttenbach, Charles R. (2007). Coelenterate Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.
- ^ "Ceriantharia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
- ^ a b Goffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy (2016). The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters. Springer International Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4.
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