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Tebuthiuron

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tebuthiuron[1][2][3][4][5]
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
N-(5-tert-Butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-N,N′-dimethylurea
Other names
Spike; Brulan; Brush Bullet; EL-103; Graslan; Perflan; Herbec; Herbic; Reclaim
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.047.070 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 251-793-7
KEGG
UNII
UN number 3077
  • InChI=1S/C9H16N4OS/c1-9(2,3)6-11-12-8(15-6)13(5)7(14)10-4/h1-5H3,(H,10,14)
    Key: HBPDKDSFLXWOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C9H16N4OS/c1-9(2,3)6-11-12-8(15-6)13(5)7(14)10-4/h1-5H3,(H,10,14)
    Key: HBPDKDSFLXWOAE-UHFFFAOYAB
  • O=C(N(c1nnc(s1)C(C)(C)C)C)NC
Properties
C9H16N4OS
Molar mass 228.31 g·mol−1
Appearance Off-white to buff-colored crystalline solid
Density 1.186 g/cm3
Melting point 163.19 °C (325.74 °F; 436.34 K) (mean or weighted MP)
Boiling point 394.23 °C (741.61 °F; 667.38 K) (Adapted Stein & Brown method)[who?]
2500 mg/L
Vapor pressure 0.27 mPa[6]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 dangerous for the environment
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Warning
H302, H410
P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 644mg/kg (rat, oral)
  • 286mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
  • >500mg/kg (dogs, oral)[7]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ChemAdvisor MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Tebuthiuron is a nonselective broad spectrum herbicide of the urea class. It is used to control weeds, woody and herbaceous plants, and sugar cane.[1] It is absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves, where it inhibits photosynthesis.[4][8] The ingredient was discovered by Air Products and Chemicals, but was registered by Elanco in the United States in 1974, and later sold to Dow AgroSciences.[9]

Environmental impacts

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The Environmental Protection Agency considers tebuthiuron to have a great potential for groundwater contamination, due to its high water solubility, low adsorption to soil particles, and high persistence in soil (its soil half-life is 360 days).

In Europe, tebuthiuron has been banned since November 2002.[10]

Application

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Tebuthiuron is used agriculturally in Australia and the United States, usually formulated as granules, pellets or a wettable powder.[6] Pellets can be applied by hand (e.g. onto a clump of regrowth or along a fenceline), and by aircraft or ground equipment.[11] It can be applied any time of year, and once applied remains effective for several years. Tebuthiuron (as a 20% pellet) is applied at 0.5-2 g/m2,[12] equating to 0.1-0.4 g/m2 of active ingredient.

The HRAC classification for tebuthiuron is a Group C (Australia) or Group 5 (numeric), based on its mode of action.[11][13]

Vandalism

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In 2010, tebuthiuron in the form of Dow AgroSciences Spike 80DF was deliberately used in an act of vandalism to poison the live oak trees at Toomer's Corner on the Auburn University campus following the 2010 Iron Bowl.[8][14] The lone perpetrator, a University of Alabama fan, was charged with first-degree criminal mischief and kailed on a $50,000 bond. Remediation involved removing about 1,780 tons of contaminated material.

In 2021, Arthur and Amelia Bond, wealthy summer residents of Camden, Maine poisoned their neighbor's oak trees with tebuthiuron to obtain a better view of Camden Harbor. They paid over $200,000 in fines to address illegal pesticide use and environmental contamination, and $1.5 million to settle with their neighbor.[15]

Tradenames

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Tebuthiuron has been sold as "Tebuthiuron", "Brush", "Bullet", "Graslan", "Herbic", "Outlaw", "Perflan", "Reclaim", "Spike" and "Tebulex".[6][16]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Pesticide Information Profile Tebuthiuron". Cornell University. Sep 1993. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  2. ^ "1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea". Royal Society of Chemistry. 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  3. ^ "Tebuthiuron". NIST. 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  4. ^ a b "Tebuthiuron Herbicide Fact Sheet" (PDF). Bonneville Power Administration. March 2000. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  5. ^ "InfoCard". ECHA. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  6. ^ a b c Lewis, Kathleen A.; and Green, Andrew (18 May 2016). "An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management". Human and Ecological Risk Assessment. 22 (4): 1050–1064. doi:10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242. hdl:2299/17565.
  7. ^ "FMC Graslan Herbicide MSDS". ag.fmc.com. Australia. Jan 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  8. ^ a b Stephen Enloe; Scott McElroy (15 February 2011). "The Poisoning of Toomer's Oaks" (PDF). Auburn University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-20. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  9. ^ Durkin, Patrick R. (September 22, 2016). "Tebuthiuron: Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT" (PDF). USDA. Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  10. ^ European Commission (2002). "Commission Regulation (EC) No 2076/2002 of 20 November 2002". Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  11. ^ a b "Graslan Herbicide Label". ag.fmc.com/au/. FMC.
  12. ^ "Titan Tebuthiuron (Leaflet)" (PDF). Titan AG. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  13. ^ "Apparent Tebuthiuron 200 Label". Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  14. ^ "Man arrested in poisoning of Auburn University landmark live oaks". CNN. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  15. ^ "Poisoned trees gave a wealthy couple a killer view — and united residents in outrage". NPR. June 19, 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Tebulex 200GR Herbicide". Specialist Sales. 20 November 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
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