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Tehaapapa I

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Tehaʻapapa I
Queen of Huahine and Maiʻao
Reign1760–1790
PredecessorHerself as Ariʻi rahi of Huahine and Maiao
SuccessorTeriʻitaria I
Born1735
Died1810 (aged 75)
SpouseRohianuʻu
Mato
IssueTura'iari'i Ehevahine
Teriʻitaria I
Names
Teha'apapa I Fatuʻaraʻi Teriʻitariʻa Teiʻoatua v.
FatherTeriʻitaria a Mahine a Ta'aroaari'i
MotherTeri’iohua e te anuanua i te tuahu i Uramoae

Tehaʻapapa I (c. 1735–1810) also called Fatu'araʻi Teri'itariʻa Tei'oatua v. was a sovereign of the island of Huahine.

From her first union with Rohianu'u, she had a son named Teriitaria I born in 1765. Rohianu'u died in 1767, and she became the wife of his brother Mato, by whom she had a daughter, Turaiari'i born in 1769. By another woman, Tetuaveroa, Mato had two sons: Tenania the eldest, and Mahine, born in 1761.

Teha'apapa assumed the regency of her son Teriitaria with the support of Chief Oree, her great uncle by marriage. He was twelve years old and was the Ari'i rahi of Huahine when James Cook met him in 1777. He was still the king in January 1791, according to the information reported to James Morison by the inhabitants of Huahine while he was in Tahiti. It is clear that he was ousted during that decade by Mahine and Tenania, who eventually seized power over the island of Huahine. His fate remains unknown.

When the English missionaries arrived in Huahine in November 1808, the children of Mato and Turaiarii were in power over the island of Huahine.Teriitaria II had been recognized as of equal rank to Mahine since November 1808 and was to marry King Pomare II. Teha'apapa had become a district chief and was also serving as regent for her granddaughter Teriitaria, the legitimate queen. She died on July 25, 1810.

Mahine ceded power to Teriitaria II after the Battle of Feipi in November 1815. He was 60 years old at that time and had decided to withdraw from politics to devote himself to Christianity. However, he maintained control over the island of Mai'ao.

James Cook at Huahine

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During his stay on the island of Huahine, James Cook reported having met the supreme chief, or "Arii rahi," of the island of Huahine. His name was Teriitaria or Teariitaria. However, he did not mention the name of his mother.

He was approximately eight years old in September 1773 when Georg Forster encountered him.[1] By October 1777, Captain James Cook noted that he was no older than twelve and recorded that his father had died in a battle against Puni, the chief of Borabora, who had conquered Tahaa and a few years before his first trip to the "Society Islands" in 1769, Raiatea.[2][3] Teriitaria I was therefore born around 1765.[4] He was the te "Ari'i rahi", or supreme chief of Huahine. During his minority, Chief Oree assumed the role of his protector and regent. Oree held the regency until he was compelled to relinquish it in 1777.[5] As acting chief, Oree would also be Teriitaria's uncle.[6] He was described by Georg Forster as an elderly man, likely between fifty and sixty years of age.[7] Given the probable age of Oree, he could not have been Teriitaria's uncle in the traditional sense. The familial and generational gaps would not support the idea that Oree was Teriitaria's uncle, but rather a more distant relative, possibly a great uncle or someone involved in a regency role due to his familial ties. According to Omai, the brother of Oree was called Tereroa.[8]

James Morisson at Tahiti

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In January 1791, while in Tahiti, James Morrison (mutineer) reported having received information from the inhabitants of Huahine regarding Omai. They informed him that "the Musquetts are in possession of a Chief who was his Friend (Calld Tennanea, brother to Tayreetarieea king of Hooaheine)".[9] The figure mentioned by Morrison could possibly be the same individual James Cook encountered in 1777.[10][11] Morrison's journal would not be published until 1935.

John Turnbull at Huahine

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John Turnbull, a British navigator and merchant, arrived in Tahiti on September 24, 1802, and stayed for about a month.[12] Around this time, Itia, the mother of Pomare II, appeared alongside her favorite, a chief from the island of Huahine, a man of most savage appearance and manner. She had been separated from her husband, Pomare I, for several years.[13] Around October 25, 1802, Turnbull landed on Huahine. He was honoured with a visit from the principal lady on the island, who was so corpulent that it was with much difficulty she could be brought onto the deck. This lady exercised sovereignty during the minority of the young king, her grandson. He had no other distinguishing marks from his subjects, except that he seemed to be treated with attention and was carried on men’s shoulders. He had two sisters, about nine or ten years old, and the king was a year or two younger.[14] At Raiatea he met the king "Tomaquoa", and his "Queen Teerimonie".[15] The father of the king made him a visit. He moreover received a visit from the mother of the queen.[16] Turnbull noted that the chief or king of Tahaa, who generally resides in Raiatea, is the commander-in-chief of the inhabitants of both islands in time of war, and seemed to possess much more power and influence in Raiatea than the king himself.[17]

The English missionaries at Huahine

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On November 11, 1808, English missionaries landed on the island of Huahine due to an insurrection against Pōmare II in Tahiti. The missionary John Davies recounted his stay on the island in his diary. Upon their arrival, they were greeted by Puru and his brother Ariipaea whose wife was Itia, former wife of King Pomare I of Tahiti. On November 14, 1808, the missionaries consulted Itia and Ariipaea in order to offer gifts to the chiefs. They were told that Puru and Teriitaria should be considered first. The latter was the daughter of Tamatoa III a principal chief of Raiatea. She was reckoned as Supreme Chief or "Arii rahi" on the island of Huahine and was intended to be the wife of King Pomare II. Teriitaria II lived in Huahine with two sisters, a brother and a cousin daughter of Ariipaea.[18]

John Davies would later confirm that Puru was called Mahine.[19] He was also called Teheiura.[20] His brother Ariipaea was also known as Tenania.[20]

On May 26, 1809, John Davies reported that Nohorai son of Tamatoa III, was also called Tinorua.[21] Later writings will confirm that he became Moeore, the chief of the district of Atea, on the east coast of the small island of Huahine.[22] He later succeeded his father, who died in June 1831, under the name Tamatoa IV.[23]

During the stay of English missionaries on the island of Huahine, an alliance had been concluded between the Tamatoa lineage and that of the Pomare. On November 21, 1808, Itia sent a message to Tahiti to ask her son Pomare II to come to the Leeward Islands and take Teriitaria II as his wife.[24]

On November 28, 1808 further informations were given by missionary John Davies. Gifts were given to eight chiefs of the island of Huahine named Hapapa, Nohorae, Tɛnanea, Turaeare, Tɛmare, Tɛehutu, Taroaare, Taraemano. (Tehaapapa, Nohorai, Tenania, Turaiarii, Temarii, Teihotu, Taaroaarii, Teraimano) Teha'apapa I, was an old woman of the family of Tamatoa. She called herself the mother of most of the other chefs. Nohorai was the son of Tamatoa and the brother of Teriitaria II. Temarii and Teihotu were his other sisters who also lived in Huahine. He had another sister who lived with his father in Raiatea. Tenania was a young woman belonging to the same family. Turaiarii was Ariipaea's daughter from his first wife. Teraimano or as she was formerly called Teariiaetua was his daughter by Itia. Taaroaarii was the son of Puru.[25]

On July 6, 1818 John Davies confirmed that Teraimano was still alive and that she was Puru's niece .[26] Teriia'etua was therefore not called Teraimano, as John Davies claimed in 1808. We know that she was 15 or 16 years old at the time of her death, which occurred before her half-brother, Pomare II, decided to embrace Christianity around the year 1812. Historian Teuira Henry referred to Teraimano as "Turaiarii Teraimano".[20]

Attempt to seize the ship Hope. Death of Teha'apapa I

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In a letter dated November 16, 1810, addressed to the English missionaries, Pomare II recounted an attempted seizure of the ship Hope, commanded by Captain Chase, while it was docked at the island of Huahine. This plan had been proposed by the chief, Tapoa I, who was present on the island, awaiting favorable winds to sail to Moorea in order to support Pomare II. Tapoa suggested that Pomare Vahine and Teha'apapa I join him in seizing the ship. However, Pomare Vahine refused to involve the government of Huahine and responded to Tapoa I that if he intended to seize the ship, he should do so at Raiatea instead. Tapoa had to abandon the plan and left Huahine for Eimeo. Pomare II reported in his letter that shortly after Tapoa’s departure, Teha'apapa I died on July 25, 1810.[27]

The incident was later published by missionary John Davies in The Sydney Gazette on May 25, 1811. He reports that the Chief Tapoa I had proposed the seizure of the ship Hope to the "old queen", who mainly ran the government. She was the "grandmother" of the rightful queen, aged around twenty years old.[28]

Teha'apapa I was therefore the grandmother of Teriitaria II.

Genealogy of the Kings of Raiatea by Mare

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In a document dated July 16, 1849, genealogist Taitete Mare wrote (v. meaning "vahine" or female and t. meaning "tane" or male):

"Ma'ua took to wife Tetuanuimarama, sister of Tereroa and they had Rohianuu [...] Rohianuu took to wife Teioatua v. and begat Teriitaria. Rohianuu died, and his wife united with Mato, by whom she had Turaiarii, the progenitor of Pomare on the Huahine side. Mato then took another wife Tetuaveroa by whom he had Tenania t. and then Teheiura t., this last being the ancestor of Ariipeu vahine in huahine."[29][30][31]

Tenania took to wife Tohemai and begat Turaiarii v., that's all. Tenania again took to wife Vairaatoa v., and begat Teriia'etua v., that's all."[29][32][31]

Concerning the decendance of King Tamatoa III, he wrote: "Tamatoa took to wife Turaiarii and begat Teriitaria v., then Teritoiterai v., then Temarii v., then Teriitinorua t., then Teihotua v.".[29] [33][31]

Temarii, the daughter of Tamatoa III, was better known as Maihara. She died on December 16, 1834, in Huahine. She was about 45 years old. Her husband was named No or Noo. He was also known as Maitui, as noted by missionary Charles Barff and his friend Thomas Nightingale.[34][35][36][37]

Mare cites the fourth daughter of king Tamatoa III, Teriitoiterai, who was missing in the list of missionary John davies at the date of November 28, 1808. He does not cite Teha'apapa but he gives her another name Teioatua. He cites the name of the wife of Tamatoa III, Turaiarii, that Teuira Henry calls Turaiarii Ehevahine. she should not be confused with Turaiarii daughter of Tenania by his first wife Tohemai, that Teuira Henry calls Turaiarii Teraimano. Ariipeu vahine is the daughter of Taaroarii son of Mahine or Puru. Her death name was Temarii a Taaroarii daughter of Taaroarii a Mahine and Tematafainuu a Hautia. She was married to Aripeu a Hiro also called Paraupaapaa brother-in-law of Queen Pomare IV. Mare further assumes that Tereroa, the brother of Oree, whom George Forster met in May 1774, was the uncle of Rohianuu and, consequently, the great-uncle of Teriitaria I. At that time, Oree was between 50 and 60 years old.

We know from James Burney that Tereroa was the "Arii" or King of Huahine and the elder brother of Oree. He was killed in a battle against the chief Puni of Borabora. Puni had two wives and three concubines. One of his wives had formerly been Tereroa's sister, but she had died some time earlier.[8]

Family

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See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Forster 1777a, p. 376.
  2. ^ Cook 1784, p. 93.
  3. ^ Cook 1784, p. 133.
  4. ^ Pichevin 2013, p. 95.
  5. ^ Cook 1784, p. 92.
  6. ^ Forster 1777a, p. 375.
  7. ^ Forster 1777a, p. 377.
  8. ^ a b Burney 1772, p. 39.
  9. ^ Morisson, Gibbings & Rutter 1935, p. 113.
  10. ^ Saura 2005, pp. 106–107.
  11. ^ Pichevin 2013, pp. 92–96.
  12. ^ Turnbull 1813, p. 130.
  13. ^ Turnbull 1813, p. 134.
  14. ^ Turnbull 1813, p. 158.
  15. ^ Turnbull 1813, p. 163.
  16. ^ Turnbull 1813, pp. 188–189.
  17. ^ Turnbull 1813, p. 187.
  18. ^ "John Davies, Tahiti".
  19. ^ "Letters from missionaries in Tahiti and also in the Sandwich Islands".
  20. ^ a b c Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 253.
  21. ^ "John Davies, Tahiti, Fiji".
  22. ^ "Letters from missionaries in Tahiti and also in the Sandwich Islands".
  23. ^ "Letters from missionaries in Tahiti and the Hervey Islands".
  24. ^ "John Davies, Tahiti".
  25. ^ "John Davies, Tahiti, Fiji".
  26. ^ "John Davies, Moorea to Huahine".
  27. ^ "Letters from the Tahitian Mission and from missionaries leaving or returning to England".
  28. ^ "Sydney". The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser. 25 May 1811. p. 2.
  29. ^ a b c Mare 1849, pp. 25–27.
  30. ^ Pichevin 2013, p. 90.
  31. ^ a b c Pichevin 2010, pp. 19–22.
  32. ^ Pichevin 2013, p. 96.
  33. ^ Pichevin 2013, pp. 141–142.
  34. ^ Barff 1835, p. 25.
  35. ^ Nightingale 1835, pp. 49–51.
  36. ^ "Society or Leeward Islands". The Colonist. Vol. I, no. 17. New South Wales, Australia. 23 April 1835. p. 6.
  37. ^ "Religious Intelligence". The Colonist. Vol. I, no. 18. New South Wales, Australia. 30 April 1835. p. 6.

Sources

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  • Cook, James (1771a). Journal of Captain James Cook on HMS Endeavour, 27 May 1768 – 13 July 1771. [Manuscript Admiralty. First voyage]. Authorship uncertain; possibly written by Cook or his clerk, Richard Orton. London: The National Archives.
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  • LMS (1953a). South Seas journals content list, 1796 - 1899. Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. Contents lists/File 1/South Seas journals. Canberra: National Library Australia.
  • LMS (1953b). South Seas letters content list, 1796 - 1899. Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. Contents lists/File 7/South Seas letters. Canberra: National Library Australia.
  • Raybaud, Corinne (2021). Reines et Cheffesses de Polynésie au XVIIIème et XIXème siècle. Tahiti: Mémoire du Pacifique. ISBN 9791092534474. OCLC 1259641731.
  • Rey-Lescure, Philippe (1948b). "Documents pour servir à l'histoire de Tahiti". Bulletin de la Société des Études Océaniennes (in French). No. 83. Le témoignage concernant le voyage de Pomare II aux îles sous le vent en 1814. L'allégeance des îles sous le vent, puis de Raivavae à Pomare II. L'allégeance renouvelée des ISLV à Pomare IV en 1830. L'imposition d'une restriction sur le commerce du porc par Pomare II aux ISLV. Le conflit entre Tamatoa III et Pomare II à ce sujet en 1821. Le couronnement de Pomare III en 1824. Le conflit de Raiatea concernant l'île de Tahaa entre Tapoa II et les Tamatoa (1831-1832). Le pavillon de la reine Pomare IV source de conflits. Papeete: Société des Études Océaniennes. pp. 461–462.
  • Thomson, Robert (1857). History of Tahiti (3 volumes), [c. 1815]. Records of the London Missionary Society (as filmed by the AJCP) [microform] : [M1-M116, M608-M670] 1795-1825 [i.e. 1795-1925]/Series. Memoirs and histories. Canberra: National Library Australia.
Tehaapapa I
Born: 1735 Died: 1790
Preceded by
Herself as Ari'i-rahi
 Queen of Huahine
1760–1790 		Succeeded by
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