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Telecom Animation Film

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Telecom Animation Film Co., Ltd.
Native name
株式会社テレコム・アニメーションフィルム
Kabushiki-gaisha Terekomu Animēshon Firumu
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAnime
FoundedMay 19, 1975; 49 years ago (1975-05-19)
Headquarters
Nakano, Tokyo
,
Japan
Products
ParentTMS Entertainment
Websitetelecom-anime.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

Telecom Animation Film Co., Ltd. (株式会社テレコム・アニメーションフィルム, Kabushiki-gaisha Terekomu Animēshon Firumu) is a Japanese animation studio founded on May 19, 1975.[1] The studio is a subsidiary of TMS Entertainment and is located in the parent company's headquarters building.[2][3]

Telecom Animation Film is a well-established studio known for its production cooperation on films produced by Tokyo Movie Shinsha, including the Japan-US co-production Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland, Hayao Miyazaki's Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro, and Isao Takahata's Jarinko Chie.[3][4] It is known in the industry as a prestigious studio, and has had many famous creators on its roster in the past, including Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, Yasuo Ōtsuka, who was their former tutor and animation director on their works, Kazuhide Tomonaga[a], who worked on the car chase scene in The Castle of Cagliostro, Nizo Yamamoto, art director at Studio Ghibli, and Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, character designer for Neon Genesis Evangelion.[6]

The studio has in-house staff of keyframes, inbetweenings, background art, direction, and production assistants who manage these tasks, allowing the general flow of production to be done in-house.[2] Unusually for an animation studio, Telecom has an in-house art department.[2] It is particularly known for its background art, and is highly regarded in the industry for its high level of technical ability. Its appeal lies in its high drawing power and 3D layout precision.[4][6][7]

It has participated in various productions in the form of production cooperation, and have been involved in the creation of background art for blockbuster films such as Hayao Miyazaki's The Castle of Cagliostro, Studio Ghibli films, Makoto Shinkai's Weathering With You, and Mamoru Hosoda's Belle.[6] While participating in the production of Studio Ghibli's Princess Mononoke, the studio was consulted about the lack of time for coloring and suggested digital painting, which led to Ghibli's introduction of computer graphics.[7]

History

[edit]

In 1975, Telecom Animation Film was established by Tokyo Movie Shinsha (TMS) to train animators who could draw full-animation.[6][8] Yutaka Fujioka, the president of TMS at the time, dreamed of making a big breakthrough in the United States.[8][9] So Fujioka decided to make a full-animation film that could compete with Disney, but in Japan, limited-animation adopted and developed by Osamu Tezuka was the mainstream. Therefore, he planned to establish a new studio, Telecom Animation Film, and use it as a base to produce a Japan-U.S. co-production of an animated film using full-animation.[10]

In the summer of 1978, Fujioka acquired the rights to adapt the legendary American cartoon Little Nemo into a film.[8][10][11] When Telecom advertised in a newspaper for staff, they received over 1,000 applications, and Fujioka hired 43 people with no animation experience. Rather than selecting animators with experience in limited-animation, Fujioka chose to select entirely inexperienced amateurs and train them into elite animators with full-animation skills.[10] Sadao Tsukioka, who was said to be a genius, was invited as an instructor for the first year. He used a unique method of training the new recruits, such as eliminating the influence of the TV series, as he considered it unnecessary for making a feature film.[9][10] In 1979, Yasuo Ōtsuka moved from Shin-Ei Animation and took over Tsukioka's position.[b][9] Since there were few animators who could actually do the work, Ōtsuka transferred Nobuo Tomizawa from Nippon Animation, Atsuko Tanaka and Keiko Oyamada from Shin-Ei Animation, and Kazuhide Tomonaga, Tsukasa Tannai, and Shojiro Yamauchi from Oh! Production to Telecom.[9] However, because of difficulties in securing production funds and organizing staff, production of the film never got off the ground, so Telecom decided to first work on another TV series and films under Ōtsuka.[8] So Ōtsuka invited Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata to join Telecom as directors, and they moved from Zuiyo. Miyazaki directed the second Lupin III film, The Castle of Cagliostro, and Takahata directed Jarinko Chie.[10] Fujioka frequently held screenings of those two films for Hollywood film professionals in order to promote Telecom and the Japanese animation industry, which at the time was regarded in the U.S. as having low production capabilities. The films attracted a lot of attention, especially from young animators, including John Lasseter.[8] The event also brought about an unexpected response, such as requests from countries outside the U.S. for TMS and Telecom to produce a TV series.[12] TMS began production of the Italian-Japanese co-produced TV series Sherlock Hound in 1981, after receiving a request for a TV series from RAI, the Italian national public broadcaster. The series was actually animated by Telecom Animation Film, and directed by Hayao Miyazaki. However, the collaboration was dissolved after six episodes were produced, and the remaining 20 episodes were subsequently produced with funding from Japanese companies.[c] Kyosuke Mikuriya took over as director from Miyazaki, and with Telecom leaving to focus on the film Little Nemo, TMS outsourced the animation to Gallop, a fledgling studio.[13][14] Telecom then took on the actual production of animation works for American production companies such as Disney, Warner Bros., and Filmation, which had been commissioned by TMS, and became proficient in the art of full animation in the 1980s.[15]

In the spring of 1981, TMS established a local subsidiary in the U.S. and began full-scale efforts to produce the film Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland.[10][12] On the Japanese side, Fujioka was appointed line producer, and on the U.S. side, Gary Kurtz was appointed film producer upon the recommendation of George Lucas.[11][12]

Under producer Yutaka Fujioka's grand order to "produce a world-class animation film," creators from Japan and abroad were gathered, and many famous people such as Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, Osamu Dezaki, Yasuo Ōtsuka, Ray Bradbury, Jean Giraud (Moebius), and Chris Columbus were involved.[12][16][17] However, various misunderstandings occurred between Japan and the US, and the production ran into difficulties. Miyazaki and Takahata, who were originally slated to direct the film, left the project, and the staff continued to change one after another, causing confusion.[11][18] Kurtz was working as the executive producer of Disney's Return to Oz at the time, and spent most of his time in London and New York. He visited Los Angeles, the site of Little Nemo, only about once a month, and only for two hours in the afternoon. His autocratic production policy caused friction with the Japanese staff.[19] Miyazaki submitted various reports and ideas for scenarios to Kurtz, but he never adopted them.[d][10][20] The Japanese staff clashed with Kurtz, and Miyazaki left Telecom in November 1982, followed by Takahata in March 1983.[10][20]

When production on Little Nemo was halted in the late 1980s, Telecom was invited by Katsuhiro Otomo, who had heard that the studio had a talented crew, to join the production of his film Akira.[21] However, in the middle of production, Fujioka requested that they make a pilot for Little Nemo (produced by Osamu Dezaki and Akio Sugino), and Telecom staff were forced to withdraw from the Akira site.[21]

The film was completed in 1988 and released in Japan in July 1989, but the box office gross ended up around 900 million yen.[11] In 1992, the film was released in 2,300 theaters in the U.S., but failed at the box office. The video software that was later released sold more than 4 million copies, and the production costs were eventually recouped, but the film failed to attract an audience, and Fujioka's dream of making a hit film in the U.S. was not realized.[18][20] The film took seven years to complete (it took 10 years for the U.S. release), and the budget eventually ballooned to more than 5 billion yen.[17][16] It was the biggest project in the history of Japanese animation, but it ended in failure, and Fujioka took responsibility for it, gave up all rights related to Tokyo Movie, and retired from the industry.[22][11]

In November 1995, the Sega Group absorbed Tokyo Movie Shinsha into Kyokuichi, with Kyokuichi being the surviving company.[23][24] In conjunction with the merger, Kyokuichi made Telecom Animation Film and TMS Photo, which had been subsidiaries of Tokyo Movie Shinsha, its own subsidiaries. Kyokuichi later changed its name to TMS Entertainment.

In the 1990s, after Little Nemo, the studio continued to work on international productions through TMS.[6] The Warner Bros. animated television series The New Batman/Superman Adventures, directed by Kenji Hachizaki, Yuichiro Yano, Toshihiko Masuda, and Hiroyuki Aoyama, won a Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Special Class Animated Program in 1998.[25]

For a long time, Warner Bros. of the U.S. had subcontracted work to Telecom through TMS, but in 2000 Warner Bros. began outsourcing all production to Korea, where production costs are lower. Telecom then changed its policy and began to focus on production for the Japanese market instead of overseas. In addition, while taking on subcontract productions from TMS and other Japanese studios, from 2002 Secret of Cerulean Sand, Telecom began to produce its own productions as the prime contractor and to co-produce with other companies.[6]

In 2009, Hoshi Shinichi Short-Short, produced by Telecom and broadcast on NHK, won the Grand Prix in the Comedy category at the 37th International Emmy Awards.[26]

Telecom has been in debt for two consecutive fiscal years since the fiscal year ending March 2017, and on August 10 of the same year, it reduced its capital from 98 million yen to 10 million yen.

Works

[edit]

Television series and original video animations

[edit]
Title Producer Network(s) Year(s) Note Ref(s)
Lupin III Part II Tokyo Movie Shinsha Nippon TV 1977-1980 11 episodes [27]
The New Adventures of Zorro Filmation CBS 1981 Credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Jarinko Chie Tokyo Movie Shinsha MBS 1981-1983
Ulysses 31 DIC Audiovisuel FR3, Nagoya Broadcasting Network 1981-1982 Pilot
Inspector Gadget DIC Audiovisuel Syndication 1983-1986 Season 1
The Littles DIC Audiovisuel ABC 1983-1985
Sherlock Hound Tokyo Movie Shinsha RAI 1984 8 episodes
Heathcliff DIC Audiovisuel Syndication 1984-1985 Season 1
Mighty Orbots Tokyo Movie Shinsha, MGM/UA Television ABC 1984 4 episodes [28]
Rainbow Brite DIC Audiovisuel Syndication 1984-1986 Season 1
Onegai! Samia-don Tokyo Movie Shinsha NHK 1985-1986 3 episodes [28]
The Wuzzles Walt Disney Television Animation CBS 1985 Credited as TMS Entertainment, Inc.
Adventures Of the Gummi Bears Walt Disney Television Animation NBC, ABC 1985-1990 Up until season 5, credited as TMS Entertainment, Inc.
The Blinkens Tokyo Movie Shinsha, MCA Universal 1986 Direct to video
Galaxy High School Tokyo Movie Shinsha CBS
The Real Ghostbusters Dic Audiovisuel ABC, Syndication 1986-1991 Pilot and 13 episodes including The Halloween Door
Dennis the Menace Dic Audiovisuel Syndication, CBS 1986-1988 Both openings and some season 1 episodes, also handled camera direction, Credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsa
Bionic Six Tokyo Movie Shinsha, Universal Television Syndication, USA Network 1987
DuckTales Walt Disney Television Animation Syndication 1987-1990 Original series, season 1, credited as TMS Entertainment, Inc.
ALF: The Animated Series Dic Animation City NBC 1987-1989 Opening and first episode
Lupin III: The Fuma Conspiracy Tokyo Movie Shinsha 1987 OVA
The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh Walt Disney Television Animation ABC 1988-1991 Season 1
credited as TMS Entertainment, Inc.
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Walt Disney Television Animation Syndication 1989-1990
Alfred J. Kwak Telescable Benelux B.V., Visual '80 VARA, ZDF, Televisión Española, TV Tokyo 1988-1990 3 episodes [28]
Fox's Peter Pan & the Pirates Fox Children's Productions
Southern Star Productions 		Fox 1990-1991 13 episodes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha Co., Ltd
Tiny Toon Adventures Warner Bros. Animation Syndication, Fox 1990-1992 19 episodes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha [29]
Ozanari Dungeon Toshiba EMI, Tokyo Movie Shinsha 1991 OVA trilogy
Jarinko Chie 2 Tokyo Movie Shinsha MBS 1991-1992 2 episodes
Batman: The Animated Series Warner Bros. Animation Fox 1992-1995 6 episodes plus layout for 1 episode by Dong Yang (Harley and Ivy), credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation Warner Bros. Animation 1992 Direct to video, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsa
Animaniacs Warner Bros. Animation Fox
The WB 		1993-1998 Original series, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha for seasons 1 and 2, TMS-Kyokuchi for season 4's Cutie and the Beast/Boo Happens/Noel [30]
Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog DIC Entertainment Syndication 1993-1996 Opening and 5 episodes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Gargoyles Walt Disney Television Animation Syndication, ABC 1994-1997 1 episode for Walt Disney Animation Japan (Hunter's Moon, Part 2), criedted as TAF
Tiny Toon Adventures: Night Ghoulery Warner Bros. Animation 1994 Originally direct to video, later aired on Fox in 1995, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Spider-Man Saban Entertainment, Marvel Animation Fox 1994-1998 First 10 episodes of season 1, 1 season 2 episode (Hydroman) and 1 season 3 episode (Turning Point), mostly did supervising for South Korean studios,

credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha for seasons 1 and 2, TMS-Kyokuchi for seasons 3,4 and 5

The Sylvester & Tweety Mysteries Warner Bros. Animation The WB 1995-2002 Season 1, 7 episodes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
A Pinky and the Brain Christmas Warner Bros. Animation The WB 1995 Credited as TMS-Kyokuchi [30]
Superman: The Animated Series Warner Bros. Animation The WB 1996-2000 Seasons 1 and 2, 14 episodes, credited as TMS-Kyokuchi
The New Batman Adventures Warner Bros. Animation The WB 1997-1999 5 episodes, credited as TMS-Kyokuchi
An American Tail: The Treasure of Manhattan Island Universal Animation Studios 1998 Direct to video, released in 2000 in the United States, credited as TMS-Kyokuchi [31]
Wakko's Wish Warner Bros. Animation 1999 Direct to Video, credited as TMS-Kyokuchi [30]
Cybersix Kyokuchi Tokyo Movie, NoA Teletoon, Kids Station 1999 co-produced with NOA
Inuyasha Sunrise NNS (YTV) 2000-2004 4 episodes
Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker Warner Bros. Animation 2000 Direct to video, credited as TMS Entertainment, Ltd.
Secret of Cerulean Sand TMS Entertainment Wowow 2002 co-produced with TMS Entertainment and Koko Enterprises
Nurse Witch Komugi Tatsunoko Production, Kyoto Animation 2002 First OVA series, first 2 episodes [32]
Sonic X TMS Entertainment TV Tokyo 2003-2006 17 episodes
Uninhabited Planet Survive! self produced NHK 2003–2004 co-produced with Madhouse [33]
Pazurizu self produced Kids Station 2004 3DCG series [34]
Futakoi self produced TV Tokyo 2004 Original series [35]
Tide-Line Blue self produced TV Asahi 2005 [36]
Ramen Fighter Miki self produced Chiba TV, TV Kanagawa, TV Saitama, Yomiuri TV 2006
Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture self produced Fuji TV (Noitamina) 2007 co-produced with Shirogumi [37]
Nijū Mensō no Musume self produced Fuji TV 2008 co-produced with Bones [38]
Green Lantern: First Flight Warner Bros. Animation 2009 Direct to video
Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Bones JNN (MBS, TBS) 2009-2010 6 episodes
LilPri Shogakukan Music and Digital Entertainment, TMS Entertainment TV Tokyo 2010-2011
Justice League: Doom Warner Bros. Animation 2012 Direct to Video
Moyashimon Returns self produced Fuji TV 2012 co-produced with Shirogumi
Superman vs. The Elite Warner Bros. Animation 2012 Direct to video
Aikatsu! Sunrise TV Tokyo 2012-2016 Original series, season 1 and 2 episodes of season 2,

co-produced with Sunrise

Z/X Ignition self produced TV Tokyo 2014 [39]
Sengoku Basara: End of Judgement Dentsu Nippon TV 2014 [40]
Lupin III Part IV: The Italian Adventure TMS Entertainment Italia 1, Nippon TV 2015–2016 [41]
Phantasy Star Online 2: The Animation TMS Entertainment TBS, CBC, MBS, BS-TBS 2016 [42]
Orange TMS Entertainment Tokyo MX, AT-X, BS11, TVA, ABC, TSB 2016 [43]
Baki: Most Evil Death Row Convicts TMS Entertainment 2016 OVA [44]
Chain Chronicle: The Light of Haecceitas Graphinica ABC, Tokyo MX, AT-X, TVA, BS11, TVQ 2017 [45]
Lupin III Part V: Misadventures in France TMS Entertainment Nippon TV 2018 [46]
We Rent Tsukumogami TMS Entertainment NHK 2018 [47]
Tower of God Crunchyroll, Webtoon,
TMS Entertainment 		Tokyo MX, BS11, GYT, GTV 2020 Season 1 [48]
Don't Toy with Me, Miss Nagatoro self produced Tokyo MX, BS11, MBS, AT-X 2021 Season 1 [49]
Shenmue: The Animation Crunchyroll, Williams Street,
Sega, TMS Entertainment 		Adult Swim (Toonami),
Tokyo MX 		2022 [50]
Lupin Zero TMS Entertainment 2022 Web series [51]
Four Knights of the Apocalypse TMS Entertainment 2023 [52]
Kawagoe Boys Sing evg 2023 [53]
Astro Note Shochiku 2024 [54]
Rick and Morty: The Anime Williams Street, Sola Entertainment Adult Swim 2024 [55]
Blue Box TMS Entertainment JNN (TBS) 2024 [56]

Films

[edit]
Title Producer Release year Notes Ref(s)
Lupin III: The Mystery of Mamo Tokyo Movie Shinsha 1978
Lupin III: The Castle of Cagliostro 1979
Botchan 1980
Jarinko Chie
Sugata Sanshirou 1981 [57]
Here Come the Littles DIC Audiovisuel 1985
Heathcliff: The Movie 1986 Original animated footage made for the movie,

otherwise a compilation of 7 Heathcliff shorts from the 1984 Heathcliff TV series

Castle in the Sky Studio Ghibli 1986
Akira Tokyo Movie Shinsha 1988
Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland 1989
Porco Rosso Studio Ghibli 1992
Pom Poko 1994
Lupin III: Farewell to Nostradamus Tokyo Movie Shinsha 1995
Whisper of the Heart Studio Ghibli 1995
Princess Mononoke 1997
Case Closed: The Fourteenth Target TMS-Kyokuchi 1998
The Tigger Movie Walt Disney Television Animation
Disney MovieToons 		2000 For Walt Disney Animation Japan
Spirited Away Studio Ghibli 2001
The Cat Returns 2002
Inuyasha the Movie: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass Sunrise 2002
Detective Conan: The Private Eyes' Requiem TMS Entertainment 2006
Detective Conan: The Lost Ship in the Sky 2010
Detective Conan: The Eleventh Striker 2012
The Wind Rises Studio Ghibli 2013
Detective Conan: Dimensional Sniper TMS Entertainment 2014
Aikatsu! The Movie Sunrise co-produced with Sunrise
Lupin III: Jigen's Gravestone TMS Entertainment
Orange: Future 2016 [58]
Lupin III: Goemon's Blood Spray 2017 [59]
Case Closed: The Crimson Love Letter [60]
Mary and the Witch's Flower Studio Ponoc 2018
Lupin III: Fujiko's Lie TMS Entertainment 2019 [61]
Blue Thermal self produced 2022 [62]

Other

[edit]
Title Release year Notes Ref(s)
Obake-Chan 1978 First project, short film [28]
Little Nemo: Sadao Tsukioka Pilot First Little Nemo pilot

Copyright date says 1980 despite being made in 1978

[63]
Little Nemo: Yoshifumi Kondo Pilot 1984 Second Little Nemo pilot
Little Nemo: Osamu Dezaki Pilot 1987 Third Little Nemo pilot
Little Nemo: TV Pilot 1989 Was supposed to be a tie in to the movie but was canceled

due to the movie's failing at the box office

[64][63]
Bugs Bunny Mitsubishi RVR CM 1991 2 commercials [65][66][67]
Don Quixote: A Dream in Seven Crystals 1994 In game animation, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha [68]
Astal 1995 In game cutscenes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
The Adventures of Batman & Robin (video game) Sega CD version, in game cutscenes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Magic Knight Rayearth (video game) Sega Saturn version, in game cutscenes, credited as Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Waynehead 1996 Opening, series animated by Philippine Animation Studio Inc. and Hanho Heung-Up

Credited as TMS-Kyokuchi

Sonic: Man of the Year 1997 Short film,
originally made in 1993, 4 shorts were made but only 1 got released as bonus content in Sonic Jam,
the remaining 3 shorts have not been released 		[69]
Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus 2002 PlayStation 2 version, in game cutscenes, credited as Telecom Animation Film Company
The Adventures of Super Oil and High-Octane 2005 2 shorts, produced by Cartoon Network Japan
Ojii-san no Lamp 2011 Short film, produced as part of Young Animator Training Project [70]
BUTA 2012 Short film, produced as part of Young Animator Training Project [71]
Rick and Morty vs. Genocider 2020 Short film, produced by Cartoon Network Japan, Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!, Green Portal Productions, Williams Street and Adult Swim
From North Field 2020 Produced by Robot Communications Inc.

2 shorts

[72][73]
Cosmo Samurai 2021 Short film, produced by Cartoon Network Japan, Williams Street and Adult Swim
Summer Meets God (Rick Meets Evil) 2021 Short film, produced by Cartoon Network Japan, Justin Roiland's Solo Vanity Card Productions!, Green Portal Productions, Williams Street and Adult Swim
Puyopuyo!! Quest 2021 Opening Animation, Created to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Puyo Puyo series and the game's renewal [74]
Cosmo Samurai 2 2022 Short film, produced by Cartoon Network Japan, Williams Street and Adult Swim
Sonic Superstars 2023 Opening Animation

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Tomonaga did not have a car license, so he drew the car while learning about it from Ōtsuka, the animation director, and Ōtsuka himself added the clutch operation movements.[5]
  2. ^ Otsuka had been seconded from Shin-Ei Animation to Nippon Animation just prior to that, over the objections of the company, for Future Boy Conan, Hayao Miyazaki's directorial debut, but he transferred to Telecom instead of returning to the company after its completion.
  3. ^ The TV broadcasts was not in the order of production.
  4. ^ Miyazaki later used them for Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind and Princess Mononoke.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "About Us". Telecom Animation Film Official Website (in Japanese). Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Goto, Yurina (February 4, 2022). "アニメ映画『ブルーサーマル』が完成するまで 第三回 スタジオに潜入(1)" [Until the animated film "Blue Thermal" is completed: Part 3 Infiltrating the Studio (1)]. Animedia (in Japanese). iid. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "The studio that created the animation production company 'Telecom Animation Film' infiltration coverage and 'LUPIN THE IIIRD Fujiko Minato's lie' looks like this". Gigazine. OSA. May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "東映『ブルーサーマル』押切P "映画館で空を飛ぶような体感"" [Toei "Blue Thermal" Oshikiri P "Feel like flying in the sky at the movie theater"]. Bunkatsushin (in Japanese). Bunkatsushinsha. March 8, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  5. ^ "大塚康生さんは"アニメーションの大先生" ともに仕事をしたアニメーターと研究家が語る多角的な一面" [Yasuo Otsuka is a "great master of animation." Animators and researchers who worked with him talk about his many different sides]. Animehack (in Japanese). eiga.com. November 2, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Goto, Yurina (December 27, 2021). "テレコム・アニメーションフィルムの歴史と魅力" [The History and Appeal of Telecom Animation Film]. Animedia (in Japanese). iid. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Goto, Yurina (February 4, 2022). "アニメ映画『ブルーサーマル』が完成するまで 第四回 スタジオ潜入(2)" [Until the animated film "Blue Thermal" is completed: Part 3 Infiltrating the Studio (2)]. Animedia (in Japanese). iid. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e "宮崎駿監督幻の米デビュー作『リトル・ニモ』 企画途中で離脱も、数々の出会いと「名作」が生まれ…(1)" [Director Hayao Miyazaki's elusive US debut film "Little Nemo": Despite his departure midway through the project, many encounters and a "masterpiece" were born... (1)]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. December 2, 2021. p. 1. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d "「名探偵ホームズ」友永和秀氏（作画監督・原画）インタビュー前編" ["Sherlock Hound" Interview with Kazuhide Tomonaga (Chief Animation Director/Key Animator) Part 1]. Anime!Anime! (in Japanese). iid. December 26, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "宮崎駿も降板、壮大すぎたアニメ「NEMO/ニモ」映画より面白い制作過程!" [Director Hayao Miyazaki also quit the project. The production process of the overly grandiose animation "Nemo", more interesting than the film itself!]. Re:minder (in Japanese). November 22, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d e Nishikawa, Akiyuki (September 22, 2019). "日本アニメ海外進出の先鞭をつけた野心作 NEMO ニモ（東宝東和）" [Nemo (Toho Towa), an ambitious work that pioneered the overseas expansion of Japanese animation.]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d "宮崎駿監督幻の米デビュー作『リトル・ニモ』 企画途中で離脱も、数々の出会いと「名作」が生まれ…(2)" [Director Hayao Miyazaki's elusive US debut film "Little Nemo": Despite his departure midway through the project, many encounters and a "masterpiece" were born... (2)]. Magmix (in Japanese). Media Vague. December 2, 2021. p. 2. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  13. ^ "アニメ様の七転八倒 第159回 無音で上映された『名探偵ホームズ』" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 159: "Sherlock Hound" shown without sound]. WEB Anime Style (in Japanese). Style. July 2, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  14. ^ "アニメ様の七転八倒 第160回 大物監督達の海外合作作品" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 160: International co-productions by big-name directors]. WEB Anime Style (in Japanese). Style. July 3, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  15. ^ "練馬にいた! アニメの巨人たち 第16回 高畑 勲さん（アニメーション映画監督）その2" [They were in Nerima! Giants of Anime Vol. 16: Isao Takahata (animation film director) Part 2] (in Japanese). Nerima Animation Site. October 2018. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  16. ^ a b "日本最小のフィルム映画館で傑作アニメ『リトル・ニモ』が現代に蘇る! 《『リトル・ニモ』と80年代テレコム・アニメーションの世界》開催" ["Little Nemo" comes back to life in Japan's smallest film cinema! "Little Nemo and the World of Telecom Animation in the 80s" will be held]. valuepress (in Japanese). Cinema Novecento. April 5, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  17. ^ a b Oguro, Yuichiro (November 21, 2005). "アニメ様の七転八倒 第22回 日本アニメ史 空前の大プロジェクト" [Anime-sama's Seven Ups and Eight Downs No. 22: The Unprecedented Project in Japanese Anime History]. Web Anime Style (in Japanese). Style Inc. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
  18. ^ a b "【1980年代 (3)】宮崎駿作品でもヒットしなかった時代" [[1980s (3)] The era when even Hayao Miyazaki’s works were not hits]. Kakuyomu (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. December 2, 2021. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
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