Timeline of ancient Israel and Judah

This article is about Iron Age Israel (c. 1200–587/6 BCE). For the post-exilic period of Jewish history, see Timeline of the Second Temple period.

Early Israelites

1208 BCE

• The creation of the Merneptah Stele (also known as the Israel Stele), in which Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah claims to have destroyed a people called "Israel".

United Monarchy

1027 BCE

• Suggested beginning of Saul's reign.

1006 BCE

• Suggested end of Saul's reign.

1005 BCE

• Suggested beginning of David's reign.

970 BCE

• Suggested end of David's reign; he is succeeded by his son, Solomon.

Divided Monarchy

c. 931 BCE

• Suggested beginning of Jeroboam I's reign in Israel and Rehoboam's reign in Judah. According to the biblical narrative, after the death of Solomon, representatives of the northern tribes of Israel demanded that his son, Rehoboam, make changes to the kingdom's governance. When Rehoboam refused, the ten northern tribes rejected his rule and chose Jeroboam, a former rebel, as their king. These tribes retained the name "Israel" and established the northern kingdom, while the tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained loyal to the Davidic line, forming the kingdom of Judah. This division marked the beginning of the era of the Divided Monarchy.

914 BCE

• Rehoboam of Judah dies; he is replaced by Abijah.

911 BCE

• Abijah dies and is succeeded by Asa as the king of Judah.

c. 910 BCE

• Death of Jeroboam I of Israel.

909 BCE

• Short reign of Nadab of Israel; he is succeeded by Baasha in the same year.

886 BCE

• Death of Baasha.

885 BCE

• Elah reigns briefly over Israel before being killed by the chariot commander Zimri, who rules for seven days before being overthrown by Omri, who then establishes the Omride dynasty over Israel.

871 BCE

• Jehoshaphat ascends to the throne of Judah.

c. 853 BCE

• The Battle of Qarqar took place between Shalmaneser III of Assyria and a coalition of allied kings. Ahab of Israel contributed the second-largest contingent of troops, along with the largest number of chariots, to the coalition army.

c. 852–851 BCE

• Ahaziah rules Israel.

851 BCE

• Jehoram ascends to the throne of Israel.

848 BCE

• Jehoram ascends to the throne of Judah.

841 BCE

• Hazael of Aram-Damascus conducts a campaign against Israel and Judah; Jehoram of Israel and Ahaziah of Judah die; according to the Bible, Jehoram is wounded in battle and later killed by the usurper Jehu alongside Ahaziah of Judah in Jezreel, during a purge of the Omri dynasty. In the Tel Dan Stele, Hazael claims responsibility for their deaths. Jehu becomes king of Israel, founding a new ruling dynasty.

See also

• Chronology of the Bible
• Timeline of the Second Temple period

Bibliography

• Stiebing, William H.; Helft, Susan N. (2023). Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780367744250.