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Timeline of longest spaceflights

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Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov looks out space station Mir's window during his 438-day flight in 1994–1995

Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.

A modern long-duration mission was the ISS year-long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effect of spaceflight on the human body, due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.

Record setting single-mission human stays

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Duration (days) Astronaut/Cosmonaut(s) Mission(s) Mission start Flight up Space Station Flight down Record achieved Mission end Record held (days) Source Notes
437.75 Valeri Poliyakov Mir EO-15 January 8, 1994 Soyuz TM-18 Mir Soyuz TM-20 January 9, 1995 March 22, 1995 10,937 [1] Current record
365.94 Vladimir Titov
Musa Manarov 		Mir EO-3 December 21, 1987 Soyuz TM-4 Mir Soyuz TM-6 November 11, 1988 December 21, 1988 2,250 [2]
326.48 Yuri Romanenko Mir EO-2 February 5, 1987 Soyuz TM-2 Mir Soyuz TM-3 September 30, 1987 December 29, 1987 408 [3]
236.95 Leonid Kizim
Vladimir Solovyov
Oleg Atkov 		Salyut 7 EO-3 February 8, 1984 Soyuz T-10 Salyut 7 Soyuz T-11 September 6, 1984 October 2, 1984 1,119 [4]
211.38 Anatoly Berezovoy
Valentin Lebedev 		Salyut 7 EO-1 May 13, 1982 Soyuz T-5 Salyut 7 Soyuz T-7 November 14, 1982 December 10, 1982 662 [5]
184.84 Leonid Popov
Valery Ryumin 		Salyut 6 EO-4 April 9, 1980 Soyuz 35 Salyut 6 Soyuz 37 October 1, 1980 October 11, 1980 774 [6]
175.02 Vladimir Lyakhov
Valery Ryumin 		Salyut 6 EO-3 February 25, 1979 Soyuz 32 Salyut 6 Soyuz 34 July 15, 1979 September 3, 1979 444 [6]
139.62 Vladimir Kovalyonok
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov 		Salyut 6 EO-2 June 15, 1978 Soyuz 29 Salyut 6 Soyuz 31 September 20, 1978 November 2, 1978 298 [6]
96.42 Yuri Romanenko
Georgi Grechko 		Salyut 6 EO-1 December 10, 1977 Soyuz 26 Salyut 6 Soyuz 27 March 4, 1978 March 16, 1978 200 [7][8]
84.05 Gerald P. Carr
Edward G. Gibson
William R. Pogue 		Skylab 4 November 16, 1973 CSM-118 Skylab CSM-118 January 15, 1974 February 8, 1974 1,509 [9]
59.46 Alan L. Bean
Owen K. Garriott
Jack R. Lousma 		Skylab 3 July 28, 1973 CSM-117 Skylab CSM-117 August 25, 1973 September 25, 1973 143 [10]
28.03 Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.
Joseph P. Kerwin
Paul J. Weitz 		Skylab 2 May 25, 1973 CSM-116 Skylab CSM-116 June 17, 1973 June 22, 1973 69 [11][12]
23.32 Georgy Dobrovolsky
Vladislav Volkov
Viktor Patsayev 		Soyuz 11 June 6, 1971 Soyuz 11 Salyut 1 Soyuz 11 June 23, 1971 June 29, 1971 725 [11] All three crewmembers died on return to Earth.[13][14]
17.71 Andriyan Nikolayev
Vitaly Sevastyanov 		Soyuz 9 June 1, 1970 N/A N/A N/A June 15, 1970 June 19, 1970 373 [15][16] Soyuz 9 continues to hold the record for longest manned flight by a solo spacecraft.
13.77 Frank Borman
Jim Lovell 		Gemini 7 December 4, 1965 N/A N/A N/A December 12, 1965 December 18, 1965 1,646 [15][17]
7.96 L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.
Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. 		Gemini 5 August 21, 1965 N/A N/A N/A August 26, 1965 August 29, 1965 108 [15][18][19]
4.96 Valery Bykovsky Vostok 5 June 14, 1963 N/A N/A N/A June 18, 1963 June 19, 1963 800 [20][21]
3.93 Andriyan Nikolayev Vostok 3 August 11, 1962 N/A N/A N/A August 12, 1962 August 15, 1962 310 [22][23]
1.05 Gherman Titov Vostok 2 August 6, 1961 N/A N/A N/A August 6, 1961 August 7, 1961 371 [22][24]
0.075 Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1 April 12, 1961 N/A N/A N/A April 12, 1961 April 12, 1961 116 [22][25] First human spaceflight

References

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  1. ^ Hall, Rex & Shayler, David (2003). Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft. Springer-Praxis. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
  2. ^ Pearlman, Robert (26 March 2015). "One Year in Space: A History of Ultra-Long Missions Off Planet Earth". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  3. ^ Carroll, Michael (2015). Living Among Giants: Exploring and Settling the Outer Solar System. Springer. p. 195. ISBN 978-3319106731.
  4. ^ Pearlman, Robert (17 June 2010). "Cosmonaut Leonid Kizim, Who Visited 2 Space Stations in 1 Mission, Dies". Space.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  5. ^ "Soviet-era cosmonaut Anatoly Berezovoy, commanded Salyut space station, dies". collectSpace. 20 Sep 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Häuplik-Meusburger, Sandra (18 October 2011). Architecture for Astronauts: An Activity-based Approach. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783709106679 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ Kerrod, Robin (14 June 2017). Space Stations. Gareth Stevens. ISBN 9780836857108 – via Google Books.
  8. ^ Pike, John. "Soyuz 26 and Soyuz 27". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  9. ^ "Skylab Flight Summary". www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2001-02-20. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
  10. ^ "Second crew on Skylab: Breaking all records - Sen.com". Retrieved 2017-01-04.
  11. ^ a b Time Magazine (12 July 1971). "Triumph and Tragedy of Soyuz 11". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on March 18, 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
  12. ^ "Skylab Mission 2". www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2001-02-20. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
  13. ^ "Salyut 1: The First Space Station". Space.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  14. ^ "The Soyuz 11 Decompression Accident: Death in Space". Space Safety Magazine. 2013-04-28. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  15. ^ a b c Belew, L. F.; Stuhlinger, E. (January 1973). "ch9". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
  16. ^ "Soyuz-9: New flight-duration record - Sen.com". Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  17. ^ "Gemini 7". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  18. ^ Granath, Bob (3 August 2015). "Gemini V: Paving the Way for Long Duration Spaceflight".
  19. ^ "Gemini 5". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016.
  20. ^ "Astronautic World Records: Spacecraft with one astronaut – General category". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24.
  21. ^ "NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  22. ^ a b c Belew, L. F.; Stuhlinger, E. (January 1973). "ch9". history.nasa.gov.
  23. ^ "Vostok 3". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  24. ^ "Vostok 2". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  25. ^ "The Most Extreme Human Spaceflight Records". Space.com. Retrieved 2017-01-05.

See also

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