U.S. Youth Soccer Olympic Development Program

The U.S. Youth Soccer Olympic Development Program (ODP) is a national player identification and development program for high-potential American youth soccer players. It is administered by US Youth Soccer (USYS), one of the largest youth sports organizations in the United States, which operates through 55 state associations. Established in 1977, ODP was historically the primary pathway for players aspiring to represent the United States in international competition, including the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cups.

The program’s stated purpose is threefold: to identify a pool of players from which U.S. national teams will be selected; to provide high-level training to enhance player development at all levels; and to improve the quality of coaching through the exchange of curriculum and ideas. For decades, participation in ODP was considered an essential step for any player with national-team or top-tier collegiate aspirations.

While ODP has produced many of America’s most decorated players, its role and prestige have evolved significantly. The contemporary U.S. youth-soccer landscape is characterized by a fragmented and highly competitive collection of development platforms. The rise of powerful, club-centric elite leagues such as the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL) and MLS NEXT has created alternative, and in some cases more direct, pathways to professional and collegiate careers. This shift has repositioned ODP from the undisputed pinnacle of youth soccer to a supplemental identification program navigating a complex ecosystem it once dominated.

History and evolution

Founding and original vision (1977–1982)

The ODP was formed in 1977 by US Youth Soccer to address a critical need for a systematic process of identifying and developing elite players for U.S. national teams. Prior to its creation, talent identification was largely informal and inconsistent nationwide. In 1979, multi-year plans were developed and State Associations were encouraged to create their own ODP structures to work in tandem with national and regional programs, establishing the hierarchical model used today. From its inception, ODP supplemented—not replaced—a player’s training with their local club.

A landmark occurred in 1982 with the creation of a formalized girls’ ODP committee.

The “Golden Era”: The Undisputed Pathway (1980s–2000s)

From the 1980s through the mid-2000s, ODP was widely regarded as the premier pathway for elite youth players in the United States. A 2007 survey of NCAA Division I coaches found that 89% were more serious about recruiting a player who had made an ODP state team than one who had not. Age-group trials and player pools were instituted for U-13 through U-17, producing legends such as Mia Hamm, Landon Donovan, and Clint Dempsey.

A Shifting Landscape: The Rise of Club-Centric Leagues (2007–Present)

The launch of the U.S. Soccer Development Academy (DA) in 2007 introduced a professionalized, club-based, year-round training environment that competed directly with ODP for top male talent.

On the girls’ side, ECNL was founded in 2009 by top clubs seeking higher competition and a streamlined recruiting platform.

In April 2020, the DA closed permanently. MLS NEXT replaced it immediately, absorbing MLS academies and many top non-MLS clubs.

Program Structure and Player Pathway

The Olympic Development Program operates on a hierarchical, multi-tiered “pyramid” that supplements a player’s primary club development:

State Level: The Foundation

• Tryouts: Open annual tryouts (U-12 or U-13 to U-17) vary by state.
• Selection criteria: Technique, tactics, fitness/athleticism, psychological components.
• State pools and teams: Successful tryout participants enter a “state pool,” from which a state team is chosen.

Regional Level: The Crucible

USYS is divided into four regions (East, Midwest, South, West).

• Regional events: State teams compete in tournaments and showcases.
• Regional ID camps: Multi-day camps invite high-potential players for evaluation.
• Regional teams: Top performers form regional teams for national interregional events.

National and International Level: The Pinnacle

• Interregional events: Four regional teams compete at venues like ESPN Wide World of Sports.
• National staff evaluation: U.S. Soccer national coaches scout these events.
• ODP National Select Teams: Elite players are named to national select squads and often travel internationally.
• International competition: National Select Teams travel to face youth teams from other countries, including Costa Rica, Spain, and various European locations.

Special Program: USYS Europe ODP

USYS Europe ODP serves U.S.-eligible players overseas, organized into seven districts with centralized camps and international matches, bridging players to U.S. national teams and college coaches.

ODP in the Contemporary U.S. Youth Soccer Ecosystem

The American youth-soccer “alphabet soup” is dominated by three platforms:

• ODP: Individual identification; pay-as-you-go fees.
• ECNL: Club-based, year-round league; high dues; permits high-school play.
• MLS NEXT: Club-based, pro pathway; free at MLS academies; usually prohibits outside play.

A Comparative Analysis: ODP vs. ECNL vs. MLS NEXT

Feature	ODP	ECNL	MLS NEXT
Governing body	USYS	US Club Soccer	MLS
Core philosophy	Individual player identification program	Club-based league competition	Club-based league competition & pro pathway
Structure	State, regional, national events/camps	Year-round national league with regional conferences	Year-round national league with geographic divisions
Cost structure	Pay-as-you-go fees	High annual club dues	Free at MLS academies; dues at others
High school soccer	Permitted & encouraged	Permitted	Generally prohibited
Primary pathway to	College / national teams	College / pro (especially girls)	Pro / college (especially boys)

Defining ODP’s Modern Niche

For boys, ODP remains a tier below MLS NEXT and, in many regions, top ECNL level. For girls, ODP coexists with ECNL and the Girls Academy as a prestigious supplemental pathway. It offers a “second opinion” on talent outside club systems, serving late bloomers or those in less flashy positions.

Legacy of Success: Notable Alumni

ODP’s alumni include:

• Men’s: Freddy Adu, Jozy Altidore, DaMarcus Beasley, Matt Besler, Michael Bradley, Geoff Cameron, Clint Dempsey, Landon Donovan, Omar Gonzalez, Brad Guzan, Tim Howard, Jordan Morris, Chris Richards, Tanner Tessmann, Walker Zimmerman, Gedion Zelalem.
• Women’s: Michelle Akers, Yael Averbuch, Nicole Barnhart, Shannon Boxx, Morgan Brian, Crystal Dunn, Joy Fawcett, Mia Hamm, Ashlyn Harris, Tobin Heath, Lauren Cheney, Lindsey Horan, Rose Lavelle, Shannon MacMillan, Heather Mitts, Alyssa Naeher, Emily Sonnett, Mallory Swanson.

Impact on U.S. National Teams

ODP was the primary feeder for U.S. national teams for decades. Over 90% of the 2019 Women’s World Cup roster were ODP alumnae, and the 2024 Olympic gold-medal team featured Mallory Swanson, Alyssa Naeher, Crystal Dunn, and Rose Lavelle.

Pathway to College Soccer

ODP has served as a primary exposure vehicle for college coaches across divisions; many state associations publish extensive lists of ODP alumni who have advanced to collegiate soccer.

Critical Analysis and Enduring Controversies

The Financial Barrier: Costs and Accessibility

ODP is often criticized as pay-to-play. Fees typically include:

• Tryout fees ($50–$195)
• State pool/training fees (hundreds per season)
• Uniforms (> $100)
• Regional camp fees ($400–$800+)
• Travel, lodging, food for events

The Politics of Selection: Bias and Flawed Methods

Criticisms include coach bias, opaque tryout formats, and subjective evaluation in short‐format scrimmages.

The “Development” vs. “Identification” Debate

Many argue ODP is primarily identification, not development, due to limited contact time. A survey found 77% of NCAA coaches prioritized club over ODP for development.

The Question of Relevance and Prestige

With elite male talent in MLS NEXT, boys’ ODP prestige varies by state association quality and club competition.

Future Direction and Strategic Reforms

Strategic Vision and Adaptation

USYS’s 2023–2028 Strategic Plan (“Dream Big, Think Bigger”) emphasizes enhanced experiences, brand strength, and exposure for high-potential players.

State-Level Innovation as a Blueprint

Examples like Oregon ODP’s expanded talent ID, elite coaching, advanced facilities, holistic development, and increased competition serve as reform models.

Embracing a Modern Role

ODP’s future lies in being an “All-Star” talent incubator—bringing diverse club backgrounds together and offering alternative exposure pathways. Pre-ODP and Young Olympians programs introduce younger players to its philosophy.

Ultimately, ODP’s continued success depends on delivering a high-quality, well-organized, and neutral experience that complements club commitments.

See also

• United States Youth Soccer Association
• American Youth Soccer Organization
• Illinois Youth Soccer Association
• Illinois ODP