VAX MACRO
| Paradigms | non-structured, imperative |
|---|---|
| Family | assembly language |
| Developer | Digital Equipment Corporation |
| First appeared | 1977 |
| Typing discipline | Untyped |
| Scope | Lexical |
| Implementation language | assembly language |
| Platform | Native: VAX With translation: Alpha, Itanium, x86-64 |
| OS | VMS |
| Influenced by | |
| MACRO-11 | |
| Influenced | |
| MACRO-64 | |
VAX MACRO is the computer assembly language implementing the VAX instruction set architecture for the OpenVMS operating system, originally released by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1977. A significant amount of VMS is written in VAX MACRO.[1]
The syntax, directives, macro language, and lexical substitution operators of VAX MACRO formerly appeared in MACRO-11, the assembler for the PDP-11 series of computers. The MACRO-32 assembler supported the VAX processors developed and manufactured by DEC. It ran under the VMS operating system and produced object files suitable for the VMS linker. The MACRO-32 assembler and linker were bundled with the operating system.
VAX MACRO on other architectures
[edit]The port of VMS to the DEC Alpha architecture led to the creation of a MACRO-32 compiler, which treated VAX MACRO as an input language and generated optimized Alpha object code. The MACRO-32 compiler was necessary since it was not feasible to rewrite the large quantity of VAX MACRO code present in the VMS operating system, layered products, and third-party software.[1] The MACRO-32 compiler was subsequently ported to Itanium and x86-64 as OpenVMS was ported to those architectures.[2][3]
Due to the difficulty of mapping low-level VAX semantics onto other architectures, most VAX MACRO programs written for the native VAX assembler require modification before they can be compiled with the MACRO-32 compiler. These changes include adding directives to explicitly define certain behaviours of the code, and removing code which relies on non-portable constructs.[1] Furthermore, the MACRO-32 compiler allows direct access to certain Alpha architecture features, including Alpha's 32 registers, 64-bit addressing, and a subset of Alpha instructions. These are mapped onto equivalents on Itanium and x86-64, but are not supported by the original VAX MACRO assembler.[4]
The OpenVMS assembler for Alpha assembly code is named MACRO-64. Despite sharing a similar name and macro syntax, MACRO-64 is otherwise unrelated to MACRO-32.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Kronenberg, Nancy P.; Benson, Thomas R.; Cardoza, Wayne M.; Jagannathan, Ravindran; Thomas, Benjamin J. III (1992). "Porting OpenVMS from VAX to Alpha AXP" (PDF). Digital Technical Journal. 4 (4).
- ^ "OpenVMS Ask the Wizard – Macro32 Assemblers and Compilers? OpenVMS I64?". 2004-09-09. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
- ^ "State of the Port to x86" (PDF). VMS Software Inc. March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-29.
- ^ "VSI MACRO Compiler User's Guide" (PDF). VMS Software. VMS Software, Inc. 2021. Retrieved 2025-05-20.
- ^ "VSI OpenVMS Programming Concepts Manual" (PDF). VMS Software Inc. April 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
External links
[edit]- VSI OpenVMS VAX MACRO and Instruction Set Reference Manual
- VSI OpenVMS MACRO Compiler Porting and User's Guide
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