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Embo
Barangays
Embo and Bonifacio Global City
Embo and Bonifacio Global City
Etymology: Enlisted Men's Barrio
Map showing the Embo area. Faded portions of the Post Proper barangays overlap the territory already controlled by barangays Fort Bonifacio, Pinagsama, Ususan, and Western Bicutan.
Map showing the Embo area. Faded portions of the Post Proper barangays overlap the territory already controlled by barangays Fort Bonifacio, Pinagsama, Ususan, and Western Bicutan.
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
CityTaguig
First military settlement (Cembo)1949
Transfer of control to Makati (de facto)January 7, 1986
Transfer of control to Taguig (de jure)April 3, 2023
Area
 • Total
8.838 km2 (3.412 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total
375,016
Divisions
 • Barangays
10
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1640–1649[2]
1635 (Bonifacio Global City)
Area code2

The Enlisted Men's Barrio, commonly known as Embo (stylized in all caps), refers to the collective term for ten barangays in Taguig, Philippines.[3][4][5] It is made up of barangays Cembo, Comembo, East Rembo, Pembo, Pitogo, Rizal, South Cembo and West Rembo, as well as the two Inner Fort barangays: Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside. The barangays were originally established to house military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).

The area was formerly disputed between the cities of Makati and Taguig,[6] as well as the municipality of Pateros.[7] Proclamation No. 2475 issued by President Ferdinand Marcos transferred the jurisdiction of Fort Bonifacio and the Embo barangays to Makati, which was contested by Taguig because it altered Taguig's boundaries without the required plebiscite, which was unconstitutional. From 1986 to 2023, the barangays were under the jurisdiction of Makati. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Taguig and as of April 2023, territorial jurisdiction of the barangays were transferred from Makati to Taguig.[8][9]

Etymology

[edit]

The collective for the Embo barangays were derived from enlisted men's barrios (EMBOs), as the area is originally a settlement for enlisted men serving in the Armed Forces of the Philippines.[10][11][12]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
Fort William McKinley and surrounding areas, including the present-day Embo barangays, circa 1930s

Part of the Embo area was formerly known as Mamancat, Masilang, San Nicolas,[13] and Malapadnabato,[14] respectively, all originally part of Pateros.[15] Mamancat was known as a trading hub alongside its more developed neighbor, Aguho (now Barangay Agujo, Pateros) during the Spanish colonial era.[16] San Nicolas, which comprises the present-day western portion of West Rembo, is the location of the Ermita de San Nicolas de Tolentino that was established in 1686 and is believed to be first settled by Chinese traders.[17] Malapadnabato used to be linked to Pasig via an old bridge,[18] while Masilang comprises the present-day South Cembo.[15] The two areas were later placed under the jurisdiction of San Pedro Macati (modern-day Makati).[19]

Establishment of EMBO settlements

[edit]

At the end of the Philippine–American War, the United States colonial administration established the Fort William McKinley at the center of present-day Metro Manila. During World War II, the military reservation would be used as the headquarters of the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) until the Imperial Japanese military took over it. After the conclusion of the war, the Philippines would be granted full independence by the United States in 1946 but retained control over its military bases.[11]

Fort McKinley would only be turned over to the Philippine government in 1949. The reservation was renamed as Fort Bonifacio and the government made plans to create settlements for military personnel within the vicinity of the installation.[11]

Cembo would be the first settlements among the EMBO barangays to be established, when the first batch of enlisted servicemen from the Infantry Group, Philippine Ground Force from Floridablanca, Pampanga arriving in 1949 to settle in the area.[20] In 1954, East Rembo was established as settlements for Fort Bonifacio-based enlisted men serving in the armed forces upon the authorization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines through the office of General Alfonso Arellano, the Commanding General of Fort Bonifacio.[21]

In 1956, two more settlements would be authorized:[11] West Rembo and Pitogo.[17][22] In 1957, Comembo, in the site formerly known as Mamancat, would be settled by personnel from the Combat Engineering Group of the Philippine Army.[16] In the same year, the area was reserved for military use.[23]

On October 27, 1965, the area was declared "open to disposition under certain provisions" through Proclamation No. 481, which was issued by President Diosdado Macapagal.[24] Pembo would be established to for personnel of the First Ranger Regiment, who were also known as the Panthers.[25] In 1966, Cembo Annex was separated from Cembo proper and was renamed South Cembo.[26]

On December 11, 1972, two barangays inside the Fort Bonifacio military reservation were established, namely: Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside.[27][28]

Transfer to Makati

[edit]

On January 7, 1986, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Proclamation No. 2475, which transferred control of the Fort Bonifacio area to the municipal government of Makati and reserved the area for military personnel and their dependents.[29] In 1990, President Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. 518 to award land titles in the EMBO area to bona fide occupants.[12][30]

In February 1996, a new barangay named Rizal was created from Pembo through Makati City Ordinance No. 96-010. It was later ratified through a plebiscite held on June 29, 1996. Prior to the creation of Rizal, Pembo was larger than the municipality of Pateros, with a land area of 123 hectares (300 acres) and a population of 65,000 in 1995.[25][31]

The Fort Bonifacio area and the Embo barangays would be subject of a territorial dispute between the city governments of Taguig and Makati. Taguig filed the case in 1993. In 2022, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled that Makati should stop exercising jurisdiction over the Embo barangays although the Makati city government has maintained that will continue to do so until it exhausts all legal remedies and Taguig secures a writ of execution from the Supreme Court.[10]

Transfer to Taguig

[edit]
Further information: Makati–Taguig boundary dispute
Aerial view of barangays East Rembo, Pembo, Rizal, Post Proper Northside, and Post Proper Southside, with Bonifacio Global City on the background, in October 2023

In April 2023, the Supreme Court of the Philippines has junked the motion for reconsideration that was filed by the City Government of Makati to override the court's earlier decision, siding with Taguig. The Taguig city government has released a statement "welcoming the new Taguigeños", referring to the residents of the affected Embo barangays, and that they would start working on the transition and handover of the Embo barangays.[8] On the dispositive portion of the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruling on December 1, 2021, it reinstated the Writ of Preliminary Injunction dated August 2, 1994 issued by the RTC of Pasig, explicitly referring to Parcels 3 and 4, Psu-2031, comprising Fort Bonifacio, be made permanent insofar as it enjoined the Municipality, now City of Makati, from exercising jurisdiction over, making improvements on, or otherwise treating as part of its territory, Parcels 3 and 4, Psu-2031, comprising Fort Bonifacio.[18] However, the Court did not rule on the ownership of the facilities, including schools and health centers, that were built with Makati funds. The property had been awarded to Makati by the national government through Proclamation No. 1916, which was signed on October 14, 2009.[32] However, subsequent Proclamations after 1994 that granted properties, land and other benefits to Makati in the area could be assailed or invalidated for the same faulty assumption as the 1986 Marcos proclamation.

If Makati insists on ownership and continues to deprive the Embo citizens of public facilities, they can be considered as builders in bad faith, and Taguig, as rightful owner of the land, is entitled to remedies to rectify this. If the lands are titled to Makati, they are subject to the property, tax, business, and zoning laws of Taguig. If untitled, Makati is basically squatting on Taguig lands. The transfer of registry records will be the solution to this conundrum.

Similar to the 1989 and 2001 Camarines Norte–Quezon (Santa Elena–Calauag) territorial dispute Supreme Court cases, in which the ruling was in favor of Santa Elena, Camarines Norte, was able to gain most of the government properties in the disputed barangays like barangay halls, schools, covered courts without the need for the writ of execution.[33]

On November 8, 2023, the Department of the Interior and Local Government released a memo dated October 26, 2023 transferring the control of the Embo barangays to Taguig.[34]

In September 2024, the Department of Justice (DOJ) said in a legal opinion that buildings and structures located in the Enlisted Men’s Barrios (EMBO) barangays previously part of Makati are under the jurisdiction of Taguig. Justice Department gave its opinion in response to a query from Department of Health Secretary Teodoro Herbosa, who sought to determine whether the Supreme Court‘s 2023 ruling also transferred ownership of the buildings in the Embo barangays to Taguig.[35]

On June 28, 2024, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) formally listed the Embo barangays to be under Taguig, thereby making them eligible to vote in the 2025 Taguig local elections, for mayor, vice mayor, and city council, but initially not for the congressman (district representative) position.[36] Due to the disenfranchisement of Embo residents, the Taguig City Council passed Ordinance No. 144 on September 16, 2024, reallocating the barangays between Taguig’s two existing legislative districts. This process was followed by Senate and House Concurrent Resolutions and COMELEC Resolution No. 11069 dated September 25,[37] officially allowing Embo residents vote for a congressman for Taguig.[38][39]

Barangays

[edit]
The political map of Embo barangays. Faded portions of the Post Proper barangays, previously claimed by Makati, overlap the territory that is already controlled by Taguig's barangays Fort Bonifacio, Pinagsama, Ususan, and Western Bicutan.

The Embo barangays are constituted as barangays of Taguig.[11][40] These barangays are divided between Taguig-Pateros' two legislative districts and were previously part of Makati's 2nd legislative district.[41][38] The two Inner Fort barangays, namely Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside, as well as Pitogo and Rizal (formerly part of Pembo) are also grouped with other barangays with "Embo" in its name. The district claims an area of 8.838 km2 (3.412 sq mi), which includes disputed areas with barangays Fort Bonifacio, Pinagsama, and Ususan, Western Bicutan, Palar Village.

Official Seal Barangay Etymology District ZIP code Population (2020) Area Ref.
Comembo[a] Combat Enlisted Men's Barrio 1st 1641 15,805 0.27 km2
(0.10 sq mi)
Pembo[b] Panthers Enlisted Men's Barrio 1st 1642 44,506 0.64 km2
(0.25 sq mi)
Rizal[c] Named after José Rizal 1st 1649 44,536 0.59 km2
(0.23 sq mi) 		[42]
Cembo[d] Central Enlisted Men's Barrio 2nd 1640 25,049 0.22 km2
(0.085 sq mi)
South Cembo[e] 2nd 1645 14,978 0.20 km2
(0.077 sq mi)
East Rembo[f] Riverside Enlisted Men’s Barrio 2nd 1643 26,450 0.44 km2
(0.17 sq mi)
West Rembo[g] 2nd 1644 29,649 0.55 km2
(0.21 sq mi)
Pitogo[h] From pitogo, a local term for a palm plant 2nd 1646 14,654 0.14 km2
(0.054 sq mi) 		[43]
Post Proper Northside[i] 2nd 1647 57,940 2.376 km2
(0.917 sq mi)
Post Proper Southside[j] 2nd 1648 63,308 3.412 km2
(1.317 sq mi)
Total population and area 375,016 8.838 km2
(3.412 sq mi)
Former Makati Barangay Numbering
  1. ^ Also known as Barangay 28
  2. ^ Also known as Barangay 29
  3. ^ Also known as Barangay 33
  4. ^ Also known as Barangay 25
  5. ^ Also known as Barangay 24
  6. ^ Also known as Barangay 27
  7. ^ Also known as Barangay 26
  8. ^ Also known as Barangay 23
  9. ^ Also known as Barangay 30
  10. ^ Also known as Barangay 31

Education

[edit]
University of Makati is Makati's city-run university. It is now under the territory of Taguig following the Supreme Court ruling which places the Embo barangays under Taguig.
Makati Science High School

There are 14 public elementary and secondary schools in Embo under the supervision of the Schools Division Office of Taguig City and Pateros (SDO-TAPAT) since January 1, 2024.[44] These schools were formerly under the Schools Division Office of Makati, and were transferred to the jurisdiction of SDO-TAPAT following the resolution of the Makati–Taguig territorial dispute, which was ruled with finality in 2023 that declared that the Fort Bonifacio area, including the Embo barangays, are part of Taguig.

Formerly, West Rembo was designated by the local government of Makati as the city's Center of Education and Cultural Affairs. It is the site of Makati's public university, University of Makati. While Cembo is the site of the Makati Science High School.[17]

The 14 public elementary and secondary schools are:

  • Benigno “Ninoy” S. Aquino High School (Comembo)
  • Cembo Elementary School (Cembo)
  • Comembo Elementary School (Comembo)
  • East Rembo Elementary School (East Rembo)
  • Fort Bonifacio Elementary School (West Rembo)
  • Fort Bonifacio High School (West Rembo)
  • Makati Science High School (Cembo)
  • Pembo Elementary School (Pembo)
  • Pitogo Elementary School (Pitogo)
  • Pitogo High School (Pitogo)
  • Rizal Elementary School (Rizal)
  • South Cembo Elementary School (South Cembo)
  • Tibagan High School (East Rembo)
  • West Rembo Elementary School (West Rembo)

Most of Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside overlap territories controlled by barangays Fort Bonifacio and Pinagsama, which are home to educational institutions. Fort Bonifacio is home to private institutions, including international schools and the satellite campuses of De La Salle University and University of the Philippines, in Bonifacio Global City, while Pinagsama is home to Enderun Colleges and MINT College in McKinley Hill and Palar Integrated School, a public school already under the jurisdiction of Taguig.

Religion

[edit]
St. John of the Cross Parish Church in Pembo
Mater Dolorosa Parish Church in East Rembo.

The predominantly Roman Catholic population in the Embo barangays, particularly the areas previously controlled by Makati, is served by five parishes under the Archdiocese of Manila.[45][46] Conversely, the areas already under the control of Taguig, even before the transfer of Post Proper Northside and Post Proper Southside to the city, including the Bonifacio Global City and parts of the Bonifacio Capital District, fall under the Diocese of Pasig.[47]

The Mater Dolorosa Parish of the Amigonian Fathers and Brothers in East Rembo was established on September 8, 1987 through a decree by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin. It originally covered the barangays of Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, and Pembo. Cembo would later be transferred to the Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish.[48] The Saint John of the Cross Parish would be established for Pembo on August 9, 1991.[49] On June 18, 1992, the Santa Teresita would be established in West Rembo. In 1998, a standalone parish for Comembo was proposed and was realized within the span of two years.[48] The Military Ordinariate of the Philippines also has jurisdiction over the Philippine Army headquarters once claimed by Post Proper Southside and formerly the St. Michael the Archangel Parish in Bonifacio Global City, which is previously a military reservation.[47]

The Pembo locale of Iglesia ni Cristo is located at Barangay Rizal. A chapel of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is located in Comembo. Churches of Baptists and Members Church of God International are also found in the Embo barangays.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Table 1 Population of Legislative Districts by Province and Selected Highly Urbanized/ Component City: 2020" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2023.
  2. ^ Hicap, Jonathan (29 February 2024). "Taguig's EMBO barangays get new ZIP codes". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Newly elected EMBO Barangay, SK officials took oath before Binay". CNN Philippines. November 26, 2023. Archived from the original on January 30, 2024. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  4. ^ Bautista, Nillicent (January 6, 2024). "'Embo' barangays excluded from Makati's tax allocation". Philippine Star. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  5. ^ Cruz, James Patrick (August 21, 2023). "Comelec OKs inclusion of 10 EMBO barangays in Taguig for Barangay, SK elections". Rappler. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  6. ^ Hicap, Jonathan (May 31, 2023). "Pateros LGU confident in recovering Fort Bonifacio from Taguig". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  7. ^ San Juan, Joel (May 12, 2023). "Supreme Court gives Pateros say in land row". BusinessMirror. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Hicap, Jonathan (April 3, 2023). "Taguig LGU lauds SC decision over Fort Bonifacio ownership". Manila Bulletin.
  9. ^ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson (April 5, 2023). "Makati raises 'constitutional' issues in BGC land dispute". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
  10. ^ a b Garcia, Patrick (28 April 2022). "Contested areas in SC ruling to remain under Makati City's jursidiction – LGU". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e Limos, Mario Alvaro (24 September 2019). "The Military Roots of Cembo, Rembo, and Pembo Districts". Esquire Philippines. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  12. ^ a b Rufo, Aries (17 March 2015). "How a Binay dummy got a P1B Makati property". Rappler. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  13. ^ Map of Manila and Vicinity (Map). 1:25000. Office Engineer Officer, Philippine Division. January 1905. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  14. ^ "Malapadnabato, Province of Rizal, Calabarzon, Philippines". mindat.org. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  15. ^ a b Manila South, Philippine Islands, Manila City, Luzon (Map). 1:12500. Its A.M.S. S901. United States. Army Map Service. 1945. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  16. ^ a b "Comembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  17. ^ a b c "West Rembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  18. ^ a b G.R. No. 235316 (December 1, 2021), Municipality of Makati (now City of Makati) vs. Municipality of Taguig (now City of Taguig), Supreme Court E-Library
  19. ^ Salonga, Isayas R. (1934). Rizal Province directory, Volume I. Manila: General Printing Press. p. 79. Retrieved August 19, 2023.
  20. ^ "Cembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  21. ^ "East Rembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Pitogo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  23. ^ Presidential Proclamation No. 423, s. 1957 (July 12, 1957), Reserving for military purposes certain parcels of the public domain situated in the Municipalities of Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque, Province of Rizal and Pasay City, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved June 30, 2023
  24. ^ Presidential Proclamation No. 481, s. 1965 (October 27, 1965), A certain portion of the land embraced therein situates in the Municipality of Pateros and declaring the same open to disposition, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved December 14, 2023
  25. ^ a b "Pembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  26. ^ "South Cembo - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  27. ^ "Barangay Post Proper Northside". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  28. ^ "Barangay Post Proper Southside". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  29. ^ Presidential Proclamation No. 2475, s. 1986 (January 7, 1986), Excluding From the Operation of Proclamation No. 423, Series of 1957 Which Established the Fort William Mckinley (Now Fort Bonifacio) Military Reservation Situated in the Municipalities of Pasig, Taguig, Parañaque, Makati and Pasay City, Metro Manila, a Certain Portion of the Land Embraced Therein Situated in the Municipality of Makati and Declaring the Same Open to Disposition Under the Provisions of Act No. 3038 and Republic Act No. 274 in Relation the Provisions of the Public Land Act, as Amended, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved April 6, 2023
  30. ^ Presidential Proclamation No. 518, s. 1990 (January 21, 1990), Excluding From the Operation of Proclamation No. 423 Dated July 12, 1957 Which Established the Military Reservation Known as “Fort William Mckinley” (Now Fort Andres Bonifacio) Situated in the Municipalities of Pasig, Taguig, Pateros and Parañaque, Province of Rizal and Pasay City (Now Metropolitan Manila) as Amended by Proclamation No. 2475 Dated January 7, 1986, Certain Portions of Land Embraced Therein Known as Barangays Cembo, South Cembo, West Rembo, East Rembo, Comembo, Pembo and Pitogo, Situated in the Municipality of Makati, Metropolitan Manila and Declaring the Same Open for Disposition Under the Provisions of Republic Act No. 274, and Republic Act No. 730 in Relation to the Provisions of the Public Land Act, as Amended, Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved April 6, 2023
  31. ^ "Rizal - History". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  32. ^ Presidential Proclamation No. 1916 (October 14, 2009), Amending Proclamation No. 518 Dated January 31, 1990, Which Excluded Certain Parcels of Land in Barangays Cembo, South Cembo, East Rembo, West Rembo, Pembo, Rizal (Pembo), Pitogo and Comembo, All in the City of Makati From the Operation of Proclamation No. 423, Series of 1957 Which Established the Fort William McKinley (now Fort Bonifacio), as Amended by Proclamation No. 2475, Series of 1986, by Reserving Certain Parcels of Land Embraced Therein for Tenement and Other Public Purposes and Granting Ownership Thereof in Favor of the City of Makati, Lawphil, retrieved July 12, 2024
  33. ^ "Taguig City: Writ of execution not necessary to exercise jurisdiction over 'Embo' barangays". inquirer.net. August 17, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2024.
  34. ^ Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd (November 8, 2023). "DILG's Taguig office to take control of 10 EMBO villages". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
  35. ^ Cruz, James Patrick (September 24, 2024). "Taguig holds authority over buildings, structures in EMBO – DOJ". Rappler. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
  36. ^ Cabato, Luisa (June 25, 2024). "Comelec: Embo barangay residents can vote in 2025 polls". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  37. ^ "Resolution No. 11069" (PDF). Lawphil. Commission on Elections. September 25, 2024. Retrieved November 9, 2024.
  38. ^ a b de Leon, Dwight (September 27, 2024). "Comelec allows EMBO residents in Taguig to vote for congressman in 2025". Rappler. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  39. ^ Torres, Sherrie Anne (June 28, 2024). "Comelec releases resolution listing 10 EMBO barangays to Taguig City". ABS-CBN News.
  40. ^ Gamil, Jaymee (August 7, 2013). "Makati mayor sees 'takeover' of Bonifacio Global City in 2 weeks". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  41. ^ Murcia, Alvin (February 14, 2022). "Bongbong barnstorms Makati". Daily Tribune. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  42. ^ Republic Act No. 10961 (24 July 2017), An Act Creating a Barangay to Be Known as Barangay Rizal in the City of Makati (PDF), Senate of the Philippines Legislative Digital Resources, retrieved 26 September 2022
  43. ^ "Pitogo - Introduction". Makati Web Portal. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  44. ^ "Taguig now operates 14 'Embo' schools, transition concluded: DepEd". ABS-CBN News. January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  45. ^ "Vicariate of Our Lady of Guadalupe". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  46. ^ Esmaquel, Paterno III (March 4, 2024). "In Makati-Taguig dispute, here's one thing that won't change for EMBOs". Rappler. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  47. ^ a b "Diocese of Pasig". Catholink. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  48. ^ a b "Historical Background". Mater Dolorosa Parish. 13 March 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  49. ^ "Our History". St. John of the Cross Parish. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
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