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Today (April 30)
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April 30 .gif) Citizens of Nantes paying homage to John and Joanna of Montfort The initial campaign of the Breton Civil War took place in 1341. John, Duke of Brittany, had died on 30 April 1341 and the Duchy of Brittany was claimed by both his younger half-brother, John of Montfort; and his niece's husband, Charles of Blois, a nephew of the king of France, Philip VI. John quickly installed friendly garrisons in most of the towns and castles of Brittany. Rumours of John's discussions with English emissaries reached Philip, causing him to recognise Charles as the new duke. John refused to give way and Philip sent an army to Brittany to impose Charles. Within a month John had been defeated and was a prisoner. His wife, Joanna, took command of her husband's army, stormed the town of Redon and moved to the small but strongly walled port of Hennebont. There she set up her two-year-old son, also named John, as the faction's figurehead. The Hundred Years' War between France and England had been ongoing since 1337, so she despatched a senior counsellor to encourage English military intervention. (Full article...)
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April 30: Yom HaZikaron in Israel (2025)  Evacuees on the USS Midway
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April 30
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Tomorrow (May 1)
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May 1 Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. It investigates various types of knowledge, including theoretical and practical knowledge, and related concepts, such as belief, truth, and justification. Epistemologists distinguish different sources of knowledge, ranging from perception and introspection to memory, reason, and testimony. The schools of skepticism and fallibilism question the existence and certainty of knowledge, while empiricism and rationalism debate whether all knowledge stems from sense experience. Theories discussing the nature and role of justification include foundationalism, coherentism, internalism, and externalism. Separate branches of epistemology focus on knowledge in specific fields, such as scientific, mathematical, moral, and religious knowledge. Other branches are characterized by the aspects of knowledge they investigate or the research methodologies they use. Early reflections on the nature, sources, and scope of knowledge are found in ancient Greek, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. (Full article...)
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May 1: Beltane and Samhain in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Maharashtra Day in Maharashtra, India (1960); International Workers' Day, Law Day, Loyalty Day and National Day of Prayer (2025) in the United States .jpg) Empire State Building
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In two days (May 2)
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May 2  Margaret Sibella Brown (1866–1961) was a Canadian amateur bryologist specializing in species native to Nova Scotia. Early in her career she was involved with gathering sphagnum moss to be used as surgical dressings during World War I, when cotton was in short supply. After the war, she researched mosses from around the world, publishing papers on materials she had collected herself as well as cataloging samples collected by others; her collections are now housed at major herbaria in North America and Europe. Born into upper-class society, Brown was educated in Nova Scotia and abroad. Although lacking formal scientific training, she has been recognized for her contributions to bryology and as an authority on the mosses and liverworts of Nova Scotia. At the age of 84, Brown was awarded an honorary MA degree from Acadia University after declining their offer of a PhD. She died at her home in Halifax aged 95 and in 2010 was posthumously inducted into the Nova Scotia Scientific Hall of Fame. (Full article...)
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 Mireya Moscoso in 2012
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May 2 The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe created by Marvel Studios. Beginning in 2008 with the release of the film Iron Man, the franchise has since expanded to encompass 36 total feature films and 13 television series produced by Marvel Studios, 12 television series from Marvel Television, and other media based on Marvel Comics characters. The franchise's most recent release is the film Thunderbolts*. Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige (pictured) oversees the main MCU productions. The MCU, similar to the original Marvel Universe, was established by crossing over common plot elements, features, cast members, and characters. It has been commercially successful, becoming one of the highest-grossing media franchises and the highest-grossing film franchise. This includes Avengers: Endgame, which concluded its theatrical run in 2019 as the highest-grossing film of all time. The franchise's success has influenced other studios to attempt similar shared universes. (Full list...)
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In three days (May 3)
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May 3  De Kuip, venue of the 2015 KNVB Cup final The 2015 KNVB Cup final was an association football match between PEC Zwolle and FC Groningen for the 97th KNVB Cup final, the Dutch Cup competition, played on 3 May 2015 at De Kuip in Rotterdam. PEC, the defending champions after their 5–1 victory over Ajax the previous year, were appearing in their fourth final. Groningen had reached the final once before, losing to PSV Eindhoven in 1989. PEC and Groningen entered the competition in the second round and progressed through five rounds to reach the final. Groningen scored 22 goals en route, the most of any team during the qualifying rounds. In front of more than 46,000 spectators, the first half ended goalless. The Slovak Albert Rusnák scored twice halfway through the second half, leading Groningen to a 2–0 victory and their first major honour. By winning the KNVB Cup, Groningen qualified for the 2015 Johan Cruyff Shield and the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League group stage. (Full article...)
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May 3: World Press Freedom Day; Constitution Memorial Day in Japan (1947); Constitution Day in Poland (1791)  Benty Grange helmet
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May 3
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In four days (May 4)
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May 4  Hualca Hualca is a 6,025-metre-high (19,767 ft) extinct volcano in the Andes of southern Peru. It is part of the Peruvian segment of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of several volcanic belts in the Andes. It lies about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Arequipa and is part of a north–south chain that includes the volcanoes Ampato and Sabancaya, the last of which has been historically active. Hualca Hualca features a wide amphitheatre-like structure on the northern flank, which was created by a gigantic landslide during the Pleistocene. After the collapse, renewed volcanic activity built a new summit and several lava dome complexes within the collapse scar. After the cessation of volcanic activity, glaciers eroded the volcano and formed multiple moraines. The present-day volcano is covered by glaciers, and during the Last Glacial Maximum, glaciers advanced to low altitudes. There are hot springs and geysers north of the mountain, and the magma chambers of Sabancaya are located below Hualca Hualca. (Full article...)
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May 4: Youth Day in China; Literary Day in Taiwan; Star Wars Day  Pope Alexander VI
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May 4
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In five days (May 5)
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May 5 .jpg) Yoko Shimomura Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories is a 2004 action role-playing game that was developed by Square Enix and Jupiter, and published by Square Enix in collaboration with Disney Interactive for the Game Boy Advance. Yoko Shimomura (pictured) composed the game's music. A direct sequel to Kingdom Hearts, it uses a new card-based battle system rather than its predecessor's real-time combat. The story follows Sora and his friends as they explore the Castle Oblivion while battling Organization XIII. It received positive reviews for its story, graphics and full-motion videos, but its battle system was criticized. It was remade for the PlayStation 2 as Kingdom Hearts Re: Chain of Memories and packaged with Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix. It was then remastered in high definition and included in the Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix collection, which was released in 2013 for the PlayStation 3, and later for the PlayStation 4, the Xbox One, and personal computers. (Full article...)
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May 5: Easter (Eastern Christianity, 2024); Lixia begins in China (2025); Children's Day in Japan; Cinco de Mayo in Mexico and the United States  Isaac Stern Auditorium, Carnegie Hall
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May 5 The Nebula Award for Best Game Writing is one of the Nebula Awards, presented each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association (SFWA) for science fiction or fantasy game writing. The Nebula Awards have been described as one of "the most important of the American science fiction awards" and "the science-fiction and fantasy equivalent" of the Emmy Awards. The Game Writing category is the newest category of the Nebulas, which were originally awarded in 1966 solely for printed fiction. The Nebula Award for Best Game Writing has been awarded annually since 2019. During the 7 nomination years, 41 games by 121 writers have been nominated. These have primarily been video games, but also include eight books for role-playing game systems and an interactive film. Eleven writers have been nominated more than once, with Kate Heartfield, and Natalia Theodoridou having three nominations each. Interactive fiction developer Choice of Games has had the most games nominated with a total of nine over six years. (Full list...) | |
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May 5 The featured picture for this day has not yet been chosen. In general, pictures of the day are scheduled in order of promotion to featured status. See Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Guidelines for full guidelines. | |
In six days (May 6)
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May 6  William Daniel Leahy (6 May 1875 – 20 July 1959) was the most senior United States military officer on active duty during World War II, and the first to hold a five-star rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. An 1897 graduate of Annapolis, Leahy saw active service in the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War, the Boxer Rebellion in China, the Banana Wars in Central America, and World War I, and was Chief of Naval Operations from 1937 to 1939. After retiring from the Navy, he was appointed the governor of Puerto Rico. In his most controversial role, he served as the ambassador to France from 1940 to 1942. He was recalled to active duty as Chief of Staff to the President in 1942, and served in that capacity for the rest of the war. As the de facto first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he presided over the American delegation to the Combined Chiefs of Staff. He was a major decision-maker during the war and was second only to the president in authority and influence. (Full article...)
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 The Grand Palace in the 1860s
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May 6
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In seven days (May 7)
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May 7  Pottery from Guandimiao Guandimiao is a Chinese archaeological site in Xingyang, Henan. It is the site of a small Late Shang village, inhabited by around 100 people at its peak, and occupied from c. 1250 to 1100 BCE. It likely exported ceramics and cattle, while importing mass produced goods such as arrowheads and hairpins from the Shang capital at Yinxu, 200 km (120 mi) to the north. The villagers practiced rituals such as pyromancy using locally-produced oracle bones and the sacrifice of cattle—as well as, more rarely, pigs and humans. Burials at the site have been noted for the almost complete absence of grave goods beyond occasional cowrie shells and sacrificed dogs. First excavated from 2006 to 2008 during preparations for the South–North Water Transfer Project, excavations have significantly broadened scholars' understanding of rural Shang economies and rituals, as well as the layout of rural villages, which have received relatively little attention in comparison to urban centers. (Full article...)
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 Maximilien Robespierre
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May 7 The featured picture for this day has not yet been chosen. In general, pictures of the day are scheduled in order of promotion to featured status. See Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Guidelines for full guidelines. | |