18th Congress of the Philippines
| 18th Congress of the Philippines | |||||
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| Overview | |||||
| Term | July 22, 2019 – June 1, 2022 | ||||
| President | Rodrigo Duterte | ||||
| Vice President | Leni Robredo | ||||
| Senate | |||||
| Members | 24 | ||||
| President | Tito Sotto | ||||
| President pro tempore | Ralph Recto | ||||
| Majority leader | Migz Zubiri | ||||
| Minority leader | Franklin Drilon | ||||
| House of Representatives | |||||
| Members | 304 | ||||
| Speaker |
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| Deputy Speakers |
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| Majority leader | Martin Romualdez | ||||
| Minority leader |
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The 18th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabingwalong Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 22, 2019, until June 1, 2022, during the last three years of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency. The convening of the 18th Congress followed the 2019 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.
Leadership
[edit]Senate
[edit]- President: Tito Sotto (NPC)
- President pro tempore: Ralph Recto (Nacionalista)
- Majority Floor Leader: Migz Zubiri (Independent)
- Minority Floor Leader: Franklin Drilon (Liberal)
House of Representatives
[edit]- Speaker:
- Alan Peter Cayetano (Taguig–Pateros, Nacionalista), until October 13, 2020
- Lord Allan Velasco (Marinduque, PDP–Laban), from October 13, 2020
- Deputy Speakers:
- Paolo Duterte (Davao City–1st, HNP), until October 13, 2020
- Ferdinand Hernandez (South Cotabato–2nd, PDP–Laban)
- Evelina Escudero (Sorsogon–1st, NPC)
- Loren Legarda (Antique, NPC)
- Conrado Estrella III (Abono)
- Prospero Pichay Jr. (Surigao del Sur–1st, Lakas)
- Roberto Puno (Antipolo–1st, NUP)
- Eddie Villanueva (CIBAC)
- Aurelio Gonzales Jr. (Pampanga–3rd, PDP–Laban), until December 7, 2020
- Johnny Pimentel (Surigao del Sur–2nd, PDP–Laban), until December 7, 2020
- Luis Raymund Villafuerte (Camarines Sur–2nd, Nacionalista), until October 14, 2020
- Raneo Abu (Batangas–2nd, Nacionalista), until November 18, 2020
- Neptali Gonzales II (Mandaluyong, PDP–Laban)
- Danilo Fernandez (Laguna–1st, PDP–Laban), until November 18, 2020
- Rose Marie Arenas (Pangasinan–3rd, PDP–Laban), from July 29, 2019
- Rodante Marcoleta (SAGIP), from July 29, 2019
- Henry Oaminal (Misamis Occidental–2nd, Nacionalista), from July 29, 2019
- Pablo John Garcia (Cebu–3rd, NUP), from July 29, 2019
- Vilma Santos (Batangas–6th, Nacionalista), from August 13, 2019
- Deogracias Victor Savellano (Ilocos Sur–1st, Nacionalista), from August 13, 2019
- Mujiv Hataman (Basilan, Liberal), from August 13, 2019
- Mikee Romero (1-Pacman), August 13, 2019 – October 2, 2020 and from October 14, 2020
- Fredenil Castro (Capiz–2nd, Lakas), October 2 – November 18, 2020
- Paulino Salvador Leachon (Oriental Mindoro–1st, PDP–Laban), from October 14, 2020
- Lito Atienza (Buhay), from November 18, 2020
- Rufus Rodriguez (Cagayan de Oro–2nd, CDP), from November 18, 2020
- Arnolfo Teves Jr. (Negros Oriental–3rd, PDP–Laban), from December 7, 2020
- Benny Abante (Manila–6th, NUP), from December 7, 2020
- Wes Gatchalian (Valenzuela–1st, NPC), from December 7, 2020
- Eric Martinez (Valenzuela–2nd, PDP–Laban), from December 7, 2020
- Juan Pablo Bondoc (Pampanga–4th, PDP–Laban), from December 7, 2020
- Bernadette Herrera (Bagong Henerasyon), from December 7, 2020
- Divina Grace Yu (Zamboanga del Sur–1st, PDP–Laban), from December 7, 2020
- Rogelio Pacquiao (Sarangani, PDP–Laban), from December 7, 2020
- Kristine Singson-Meehan (Ilocos Sur–2nd, Bileg), from December 7, 2020
- Strike Revilla (Cavite–2nd, NUP), from December 14, 2020
- Isidro Ungab (Davao City–3rd, HNP), from December 16, 2020
- Abraham Tolentino (Cavite–8th, NUP), from December 16, 2020
- Camille Villar (Las Piñas, Nacionalista), from February 2, 2021
- Len Alonte (Biñan, PDP–Laban), from March 25, 2021
- Majority Floor Leader: Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st, Lakas)
- Minority Floor Leader:
- Benny Abante (Manila–6th, NUP), until October 16, 2020
- Joseph Stephen Paduano (Abang Lingkod), from October 19, 2020
Sessions
[edit]- First Regular Session: July 22, 2019 – June 5, 2020
- July 22 – October 4, 2019
- October 5 – November 3, 2019
- November 4 – December 20, 2019
- January 20 – March 13, 2020
- March 14 – May 3, 2020
- First Special Session: March 23, 2020
- May 4 – June 5, 2020
- Second Regular Session: July 27, 2020 – June 4, 2021
- July 27 – October 12, 2020
- Second Special Session: October 13–16, 2020[1]
- November 16 – December 18, 2020
- January 18 – March 26, 2021
- May 17 – June 4, 2021
- Third Regular Session: July 26, 2021 – June 3, 2022
- July 26 – September 30, 2021
- November 8 – December 17, 2021
- January 17 – February 4, 2022
- May 23 – June 1, 2022
Meeting places
[edit]- Senate: GSIS Building, Pasay
- House of Representatives: Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City
- Batangas City Convention Center, Batangas City (January 22, 2020)[2]
- Celebrity Sports Plaza, Quezon City (October 12, 2020)[3]
Composition
[edit]Both chambers of Congress are divided into parties and blocs. While members are elected via parties, blocs are the basis for committee memberships. Only members of the majority and minority blocs are accorded committee memberships. This is how blocs are determined:
- Majority bloc: All members who voted for the Senate President or Speaker during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
- Minority bloc: All members who voted for the second-placed candidate during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
- Independent minority bloc: All members who did not vote for the winning or second-best nominee during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
- Independent bloc: All members who abstained from voting during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
- Not a member of any bloc: All members who have not voted during the Senate presidential or speakership election.
Senate[edit]
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House of Representatives[edit]
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Members
[edit]Senate
[edit].svg)
Places of registrations of the senators. Blue pogs are for cities and municipalities with one senator; those in red have two. Senators are elected at a nationwide, at-large basis.
The following are the terms of the senators of this Congress, according to the date of election:
- For senators elected on May 9, 2016: June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022
- For senators elected on May 13, 2019: June 30, 2019 – June 30, 2025
House of Representatives
[edit]Terms of members of the House of Representatives started on June 30, 2019, took office on July 22, 2019, and ended on June 30, 2022, unless stated otherwise.
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Committees
[edit]Constitutional bodies
[edit]| Committee | Senate | House of Representatives | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chairman | Party | Minority leader | Party | Chairman | Party | District | Minority leader | Party | District | |||||
| Commission on Appointments | Tito Sotto | NPC | Francis Pangilinan | Liberal | Ronaldo Zamora | PDP–Laban | San Juan | Alex Advincula | NUP | Cavite–3rd | ||||
| Electoral tribunals | Pia Cayetano | Nacionalista | Franklin Drilon | Liberal | Dale Malapitan | PDP–Laban | Caloocan–1st | [to be determined] | ||||||
| Judicial and Bar Council | Dick Gordon | Independent | — | Vicente Veloso | NUP | Leyte–3rd | — | |||||||
Senate committees
[edit]House of Representatives committees
[edit]Agenda
[edit]Death penalty
[edit]As of July 2019, bills seeking to reinstate capital punishment in the Philippines have been revived in the Senate ahead of the opening of the 18th Congress.[20]
COVID-19 pandemic
[edit]The 18th Congress enacted the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act and Bayanihan to Recover as One Act as response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
ABS-CBN franchise renewal
[edit]In May 2020, the House of Representatives acted on the pending franchise renewal bills of ABS-CBN that has been pending since July 2019.
House Speakership crisis
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In 2020, the position of Speaker was disputed, which in the latter part of the year threatened the passage of a bill legislating the national government's budget for 2021. The dispute involved then-speaker and Pateros–Taguig representative Alan Peter Cayetano and Marinduque representative Lord Allan Velasco. This started in July 2019, when the two had a "term-sharing agreement" which was brokered by President Rodrigo Duterte.[21] Under that deal, Cayetano would serve as House Speaker for the first 15 months of the 18th Congress, or until October 2020. Cayetano was to step down from his position as speaker in order to give way for the election of Velasco as speaker.[22]
Cayetano, in March 2020, accused Velasco and his camp of a conspiracy to remove him from his position as House Speaker. Velasco denied Cayetano's allegation of supposed ouster plot, stating it "baseless."[23] Cayetano initially oversaw deliberations on the 2021 national budget but tensions in the lower house of the Congress grew by September 2020. His camp abruptly ended sessions in which some legislators criticizing the move which prevented them from scrutinizing proposals on the 2021 budget.[24]
Cayetano offered to resign but his camp claim that majority of the House of Representatives declined his resignation.[24] On October 12, 2020, Lord Allan Velasco and some legislators convened at the Celebrity Sports Complex in Quezon City[25] and conducted a house session where positions including the speakership was declared vacant and appointed Velasco as house speaker. Velasco's camp claimed that 186 lawmakers voted for his appointment as house speaker. Cayetano's camp declared the session a "travesty" and questioned the legality of the session itself. Cayetano maintained that he remains as house speaker.[24] On the other hand, Cayetano called the appointment of Velasco as a speaker a "fake session" as he added that there was no prior plenary resolution authorizing the holding of a session outside the Batasang Pambansa and insists that the House of Representative mace used in the meeting is illegal.[26]
On October 13, 2020, during the start of the special session of the House, Velasco's election as House Speaker on October 12, 2020 was formally ratified by 186 representatives assembled in the Batasang Pambansa.[27] At the same time, Cayetano tendered his "irrevocable" resignation as House Speaker on his Facebook Live paving the way for Velasco to assume his position undisputed.[28]
Changes in membership
[edit]House of Representatives
[edit]District representatives
[edit]| District | Vacating member | Caretaker | Special election | Successor | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | Date | Reason | Member | Party | Date | |||||
| Benguet | Nestor Fongwan[5] | PDP–Laban | December 18, 2019 | Died in office | Eric Yap[29] | Not held | |||||
| Camarines Sur–1st | Marissa Mercado-Andaya[6] | NPC | July 5, 2020 | Died in office | Michael John Duavit[30] | ||||||
| Sorsogon–2nd | Bernardita Ramos[9] | NPC | September 8, 2020 | Died in office | Evelina Escudero[30] | ||||||
| Cebu City–1st | Raul del Mar[7] | Liberal | November 16, 2020 | Died in office | Lord Allan Velasco[31] | ||||||
| Antipolo–2nd | Resurreccion Acop[4] | NUP | May 28, 2021 | Died in office | Lord Allan Velasco[32] | ||||||
| Southern Leyte | Roger Mercado[12] | Lakas | October 13, 2021 | Appointed Secretary of Public Works and Highways | |||||||
| Tarlac–1st | Carlos Cojuangco[13] | NPC | February 22, 2022 | Died in office | |||||||
| Camarines Norte–2nd | Marisol Panotes[33] | PDP–Laban | April 29, 2022 | Died in office | |||||||
Party-list representatives
[edit]| Member | Party | Date | Reason | Successor | Took office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jose Antonio Lopez[17] | MARINO | July 25, 2019 | Resigned | Macnell Lusotan[10] | November 4, 2019 |
| Rodolfo Albano Jr.[15] | LPGMA | November 5, 2019 | Died in office | Allan Ty[16] | November 20, 2019 |
| Francisco Datol Jr.[19] | SENIOR CITIZENS | August 10, 2020 | Died in office | Rodolfo Ordanes[14] | October 13, 2020 |
Legislation
[edit]Republic Acts
[edit] | This section needs to be updated. (July 2022) |
The 18th Congress passed a total of 311 bills which were signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte. 119 of these laws were national in scope, while 192 were local:[34]
| Republic Act | Short title | Sponsor(s) | Third reading votes (Yea–nay–abstention) | Presidential action | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| House | Senate | ||||
| RA 11462 | Postponing the May 2020 Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections | Sen. Imee Marcos | 194–6 | 21–0 | Signed December 3, 2019 |
| RA 11463 | Malasakit Centers Act | Sen. Bong Go | 186–1–7 | 18–0 | Signed December 3, 2019 |
| RA 11464 | Reenacting the General Appropriations Act of 2019 | Rep. Isidro Ungab | 193–0 | 19–0 | Signed December 20, 2019 |
| RA 11465 | General Appropriations Act of 2020 | Rep. Isidro Ungab, Eileen Ermita-Buhain, Estrellita Suansing | 257–6 | 22–0 | Signed January 6, 2020 |
| RA 11466 | Salary Standardization Law of 2019 | Sen. Bong Revilla | 187–5 | 21–0–1 | Signed January 8, 2020 |
| RA 11467 | Amendments to the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997 | Rep. Joey Salceda, Estrellita Suansing, Sharon Garin | 184–2–1 | 20–0 | Signed January 22. 2020, with line vetoes |
| RA 11468 | The National Day of Remembrance For Road Crash Victims, Survivors, and Their Families Act | Sen. Grace Poe | 234–0 | 20–0 | Signed January 23, 2020 |
| RA 11469 | Bayanihan to Heal as One Act | Sen. Tito Sotto, Pia Cayetano | 284–9 | 20–1 | Signed March 24, 2020 |
| RA 11470 | The National Academy of Sports | Sen. Win Gatchalian | 206–0 | 21–0 | Signed June 9, 2020 |
| RA 11471 | Creating Barangay H-2 in Dasmariñas, Cavite | Rep. Elpidio Barzaga Jr. | 213–0 | 20–0 | Signed June 19, 2020 |
| RA 11472 | Upgrading the Caraga Regional Hospital | Rep. Robert Ace Barbers | 170–0 | 18–0 | Signed June 19, 2020 |
| RA 11473 | Renaming the Talisay District Hospital into Cebu South Medical Center in Cebu | Rep. Eduardo Gullas | 182–0 | 20–0 | Signed June 19, 2020 |
| RA 11474 | Upgrading the Maria L. Eleazar District Hospital in Quezon | Rep. Alyssa Sheena Tan | 231–0 | 20–0 | Signed June 19, 2020 |
| RA 11475 | Transferring of Rizal's capital from Pasig to Antipolo | Rep. Roberto Puno | 213–0 | 19–0 | Signed June 19, 2020 |
| RA 11476 | GMRC and Values Education Act | Sen. Win Gatchalian | 225–0 | 23–0 | Signed June 25, 2020 |
| RA 11477 | Granting of franchise to Golden Broadcast Professional, Inc | Rep. Cesar Jimenez Jr. | 216–0–1 | 18–0 | Signed June 25, 2020 |
| RA 11478 | Increasing the bed capacity of Bicol Medical Center in Naga | Sen. Bong Go | 182–0 | 14–0 | Signed July 1, 2020 |
| RA 11479 | Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 | Sen. Panfilo Lacson | 168–36–29 | 19–2 | Signed July 3, 2020 |
| RA 11480 | Changing the opening day of schools | Sen. Win Gatchalian | 241–0 | 23–0 | Signed July 17, 2020 |
| RA 11481 | Granting of franchise to First United Broadcasting Corporation | Rep. Aurelio Gonzales | 222–0 | 19–0 | Signed July 30, 2020 |
| RA 11482 | Granting of franchise to Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media | Rep. Xavier Romulado | 220–0 | 19–0 | Signed July 30, 2020 |
| RA 11483 | Converting several provincial roads in Tarlac into national roads | Rep. Victor Yap | 231–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11484 | Converting road connecting Tubao, La Union and Tuba, Benguet into a national roat | Rep. Sandra Eriguel | 231–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11485 | Converting the Guimba–Talugtug–Umingan Provincial Road into a national road | Rep. Estrellita Suansing | 231–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11486 | Converting the road network connecting San Fernando and Bula, Camarines Sur into a national road | Rep. Luis Raymond Villafuerte | 231–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11487 | Converting the Albay Diversion Road in Camarines Sur into a national road | Rep. Luis Raymond Villafuerte | 231–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11488 | Transferring the Sorsogon Second District Engineering Office from Bulan to Gubat. | Rep. Bernadita Ramos | 222–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11489 | Creating the Cebu Seventh District Engineering Office | Rep. Peter John Calderon | 222–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11490 | Creating the Cotabato Third District Engineering Office | Rep. Elandro Madrona | 232–0 | 23–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11491 | Granting of franchise to Crusaders Broadcasting System | Rep. Onyx Crisologo | 226–0 | 19–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11492 | Granting of franchise to Gold Label Broadcasting System | Rep. Manuel Sagarbarria | 233–0–1 | 18–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11493 | Granting of franchise to Bicol Broadcasting System | Rep. Salvio Fortuno | 170–0 | 19–0 | Signed August 14, 2020 |
| RA 11494 | Bayanihan to Recover as One Act | Sen. Sonny Angara | 242–6 | 22–1 | Signed September 11, 2020 |
Treaties
[edit]One treaty has been approved by the Senate:
| Resolution number | Title | Foreign party | Vote | Date of approval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resolution 34 | RP-Russian Federation Treaty on Extradition |  Russia
|
19–0 | December 18, 2019 |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Leila de Lima has been detained since February 24, 2017 for charges linked to the New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal.
- ^ Bong Go was affiliated with Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan in 2021.
- ^ Panfilo Lacson was affiliated with Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma from 2021 until 2022.
- ^ Manny Pacquiao became the honorary chairperson of PROMDI in 2021, while keeping his affiliation with PDP–Laban.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Asenso Abrenio.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Elected in 2019 under PDP–Laban.
- ^ Resurreccion Acop died on May 28, 2021.[4]
- ^ a b c d e f Elected in 2019 under the Liberal Party.
- ^ Nestor Fongwan died on December 18, 2019.[5]
- ^ a b c d e Elected in 2019 under the Nacionalista Party.
- ^ a b c d e f g Elected in 2019 under the National Unity Party.
- ^ Marisol Panotes died on April 29, 2022.
- ^ Marissa Mercado-Andaya died on July 5, 2020.[6]
- ^ a b Elected in 2019 as an independent.
- ^ a b Elected in 2019 under Lakas–CMD.
- ^ Raul del Mar died on November 16, 2020.[7]
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Hugpong sa Tawong Lungsod.
- ^ a b c d Elected in 2019 under the Nationalist People's Coalition.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under the Bileg Party.
- ^ a b c d e Elected in 2019 under Partido Federal ng Pilipinas.
- ^ a b Elected in 2019 under Asenso Manileño.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under the People's Reform Party.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Partido Pagbabago ng Palawan.
- ^ Elected in 2019 under Aksyon Demokratiko.
- ^ Bernardita Ramos died on September 8, 2020.[9]
- ^ Shirlyn Bañas-Nograles took office on November 4, 2019.[10]
- ^ Roger Mercado took office on December 16, 2019.[11] He resigned on October 13, 2021, upon appointment as acting Secretary of Public Works and Highways.[12]
- ^ Charlie Cojuangco died on February 22, 2022.[13]
- ^ Ducielle Cardema took office on October 13, 2020.[14]
- ^ Rodolfo Albano Jr. died on November 5, 2019.[15]
- ^ Allan Ty took office on November 20, 2019, succeeding Rodolfo Albano Jr..[16]
- ^ Jose Antonio Lopez resigned on July 25, 2019.[17]
- ^ Macnell Lusotan took office on November 4, 2019, succeeding Jose Antonio Lopez.[10]
- ^ Francisco Datol Jr. took office on December 4, 2019.[18] He died on August 10, 2020.[19]
- ^ Rodolfo Ordanes took office on October 13, 2020, succeeding Francisco Datol Jr.
References
[edit]- ^ "Proclamation No. 1027 s. 2020 | GOVPH".
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (January 22, 2020). "House holds session in calamity-stricken Batangas". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "186 lawmakers elect Velasco as Speaker while House session is suspended". Rappler. October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Antipolo City 2nd District Representative Dies". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ^ a b "Benguet representative Nestor Fongwan dies". cnn. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Cervantes, Filane Mikee (July 6, 2020). "Camarines Sur Rep. Marissa Andaya succumbs to cancer". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
- ^ a b "Cebu City Rep. Del Mar passes away at 79". CDN Digital. November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Galvez, Daphne (November 15, 2020). "Ex-Speaker Alvarez resigns from PDP-Laban". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ a b "Sorsogon congresswoman Ditas Ramos dies". Rappler. September 8, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- ^ a b c Galvez, Daphne (November 4, 2019). "2 new House members take oath as session returns". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "Southern Leyte lawmaker takes oath as newest House member". The Manila Times. December 17, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Daphne Galvez; Joey Gabieta (October 13, 2021). "Southern Leyte Rep. Mercado is new DPWH chief". Inquirer. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
- ^ a b "Tarlac congressman Charlie Cojuangco dies". Rappler. February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ a b "Controversial Ducielle Cardema of Duterte Youth joins House session". Rappler. October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Cruz, RG (November 5, 2019). "LPGMA Rep. Rodolfo Albano Jr. passes away". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
- ^ a b Cepeda, Mara (November 20, 2019). "Allan Ty takes oath as LPGMA congressman". Rappler. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ a b Roxas, Pathricia Ann V. (July 24, 2019). "Marino party-list's 2nd nominee resigns". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ Roxas, Pathricia Ann V. (December 4, 2019). "Datol takes oath as Senior Citizens party-list representative". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- ^ a b Galvez, Daphne (August 10, 2020). "Senior Citizens party-list Rep. Datol passes away". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- ^ "Pacquiao, Go file bills to revive death penalty". The Philippine STAR.
- ^ Madarang, Catalina Ricci (September 22, 2020). "The latest on House leadership shake-up and how it started". Interaksyon. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
- ^ Cervante, Filane Mikee (September 21, 2020). "House suspends Monday session amid coup threat". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
- ^ "Velasco denies hatching plot to oust Cayetano". Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 27, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Philippine Congress enters crisis over leadership standoff". Mainichi Daily News. Associated Press. October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (October 12, 2020). "Velasco installed as new Speaker in session outside House". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
- ^ "186 lawmakers elect Velasco as Speaker while House session is suspended". Rappler. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Cepeda, Mara (October 13, 2020). "It's official: Lord Allan Velasco is new Speaker of the House". Rappler. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ "Cayetano concedes to Velasco, resigns as House Speaker". CNN Philippines. October 13, 2020. Archived from the original on October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ Agoot, Liza; Dennis, Dionisio Jr. (January 22, 2020). "House names party-list solon as Benguet caretaker". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
- ^ a b "Cayetano out as CamSur 1st district caretaker". Philippine Daily Inquirer. October 17, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
- ^ Cepeda, Mara (November 18, 2020). "Velasco elected as legislative caretaker of Antipolo City's 2nd District". Rappler. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (June 2, 2021). "More Cayetano allies lose plum posts in Velasco-led House". Rappler. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
- ^ Mendoza, John Eric (April 30, 2022). "House mourns passing of Camarines Norte Rep. Marisol Panotes". Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ^ Cervantes, Filane Mikee (June 13, 2022). "18th Congress passed 311 bills that became law: report". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on June 13, 2022. Retrieved July 4, 2022.