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December 1964 lunar eclipse

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December 1964 lunar eclipse
Total eclipse
The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left
DateDecember 19, 1964
Gamma0.3801
Magnitude1.1748
Saros cycle134 (24 of 73)
Totality58 minutes, 56 seconds
Partiality195 minutes, 28 seconds
Penumbral310 minutes, 5 seconds
Contacts (UTC)
P10:02:16
U10:59:35
U22:07:50
Greatest2:37:18
U33:06:46
U44:15:02
P45:12:20

A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, December 19, 1964,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.1748. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring only about 8.5 hours before perigee (on December 19, 1964, at 11:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[2]

The eclipse afforded astrophysicist J. M. Saari the opportunity to make infrared pyrometric scans of the lunar surface with improved equipment, following up on Richard W. Shorthill's discovery of "hot spots" in the Tycho crater during the March 13, 1960 eclipse.[3]

Visibility

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The eclipse was completely visible over North and South America, west Africa, Europe, and north Asia, seen rising over the eastern Pacific Ocean and setting over southern and east Africa and the western half of Asia.[4]

Eclipse details

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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]

December 19, 1964 Lunar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Penumbral Magnitude 2.14609
Umbral Magnitude 1.17483
Gamma 0.38008
Sun Right Ascension 17h47m56.6s
Sun Declination -23°24'54.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter 16'15.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.9"
Moon Right Ascension 05h47m44.4s
Moon Declination +23°48'04.8"
Moon Semi-Diameter 16'44.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 1°01'25.8"
ΔT 35.8 s

Eclipse season

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See also: Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of December 1964
December 4
Descending node (new moon)
 December 19
Ascending node (full moon)
Partial solar eclipse
Solar Saros 122		 Total lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 134
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Eclipses in 1964

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Lunar Saros 134

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Inex

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Triad

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Lunar eclipses of 1962–1965

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]

The penumbral lunar eclipses on February 19, 1962 and August 15, 1962 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.

Lunar eclipse series sets from 1962 to 1965
Descending node   Ascending node
Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma Saros Date
Viewing 		Type
Chart 		Gamma
109 1962 Jul 17
 Penumbral
 1.3371 114 1963 Jan 09
 Penumbral
 −1.0128
119 1963 Jul 06
 Partial
 0.6197 124 1963 Dec 30
 Total
 −0.2889
129 1964 Jun 25
 Total
 −0.1461 134 1964 Dec 19
 Total
 0.3801
139 1965 Jun 14
 Partial
 −0.9006 144 1965 Dec 08
 Penumbral
 1.0775

Saros 134

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on April 1, 1550. It contains partial eclipses from July 7, 1694 through October 13, 1856; total eclipses from October 25, 1874 through July 26, 2325; and a second set of partial eclipses from August 7, 2343 through November 12, 2505. The series ends at member 72 as a penumbral eclipse on May 28, 2830.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 38 at 100 minutes, 23 seconds on May 22, 2217. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[7]

Greatest First
The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2217 May 22, lasting 100 minutes, 23 seconds.[8] Penumbral Partial Total Central
1550 Apr 01
 1694 Jul 07
 1874 Oct 25
 2127 Mar 28
Last
Central Total Partial Penumbral
2289 Jul 04
 2325 Jul 26
 2505 Nov 12
 2830 May 28

Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
1801 Mar 30
(Saros 119) 		1812 Feb 27
(Saros 120) 		1823 Jan 26
(Saros 121) 		1833 Dec 26
(Saros 122) 		1844 Nov 24
(Saros 123)
1855 Oct 25
(Saros 124) 		1866 Sep 24
(Saros 125) 		1877 Aug 23
(Saros 126) 		1888 Jul 23
(Saros 127) 		1899 Jun 23
(Saros 128)
1910 May 24
(Saros 129) 		1921 Apr 22
(Saros 130) 		1932 Mar 22
(Saros 131) 		1943 Feb 20
(Saros 132) 		1954 Jan 19
(Saros 133)
1964 Dec 19
(Saros 134) 		1975 Nov 18
(Saros 135) 		1986 Oct 17
(Saros 136) 		1997 Sep 16
(Saros 137) 		2008 Aug 16
(Saros 138)
2019 Jul 16
(Saros 139) 		2030 Jun 15
(Saros 140) 		2041 May 16
(Saros 141) 		2052 Apr 14
(Saros 142) 		2063 Mar 14
(Saros 143)
2074 Feb 11
(Saros 144) 		2085 Jan 10
(Saros 145) 		2095 Dec 11
(Saros 146) 		2106 Nov 11
(Saros 147) 		2117 Oct 10
(Saros 148)
2128 Sep 09
(Saros 149) 		2139 Aug 10
(Saros 150) 		2150 Jul 09
(Saros 151) 		2161 Jun 08
(Saros 152) 		2172 May 08
(Saros 153)
2194 Mar 07
(Saros 155)

Half-Saros cycle

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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[9] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 141.

December 14, 1955 December 24, 1973

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "December 18–19, 1964 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  3. ^ F. Link, Eclipse Phenomena in Astronomy (Springer, 2012) p119
  4. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 1964 Dec 19" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 1964 Dec 19". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  6. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  7. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  8. ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 134
  9. ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
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