November 1994 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | November 18, 1994 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.1048 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.2189 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 145 (10 of 71) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 271 minutes, 36 seconds | ||||||||
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A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Friday, November 18, 1994,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.2189. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring only about 1.5 hours after apogee (on November 18, 1994, at 5:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse was completely visible over North America and western and central South America, seen rising over northeast Asia, eastern Australia, and the western and central Pacific Ocean and setting over eastern South America, west and north Africa, and Europe.[3]
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Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.88156 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.21892 |
| Gamma | −1.10479 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 15h33m27.5s |
| Sun Declination | -19°10'54.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'10.9" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 03h34m02.6s |
| Moon Declination | +18°11'52.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'42.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°53'57.7" |
| ΔT | 60.7 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| November 3 Ascending node (new moon) |
November 18 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|
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| Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 133 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 145 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 1994
[edit]- An annular solar eclipse on May 10.
- A partial lunar eclipse on May 25.
- A total solar eclipse on November 3.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 18.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 30, 1991
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 6, 1998
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 7, 1987
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of December 30, 2001
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 12, 1985
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 23, 2003
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 20, 1983
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 17, 2005
Lunar Saros 145
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of November 6, 1976
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of November 28, 2012
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of December 8, 1965
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 28, 2023
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 18, 1908
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 18, 2081
Lunar eclipses of 1991–1994
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipses on January 30, 1991 and July 26, 1991 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 1991 to 1994 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 110 | 1991 Jun 27
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Penumbral
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−1.4064 | 115 | 1991 Dec 21
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Partial
|
0.9709 | |
| 120 | 1992 Jun 15
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Partial
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−0.6289 | 125 | 1992 Dec 09
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Total
|
0.3144 | |
| 130 | 1993 Jun 04
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Total
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0.1638 | 135 | 1993 Nov 29
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Total
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−0.3994 | |
| 140 | 1994 May 25
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Partial
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0.8933 | 145 | 1994 Nov 18
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Penumbral
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−1.1048 | |
Saros 145
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 145, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on August 11, 1832. It contains partial eclipses from February 24, 2157 through June 3, 2319; total eclipses from June 14, 2337 through November 13, 2589; and a second set of partial eclipses from November 25, 2607 through June 21, 2950. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on September 16, 3094.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 34 at 104 minutes, 21 seconds on August 7, 2427. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2427 Aug 07, lasting 104 minutes, 21 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1832 Aug 11 |
2157 Feb 24 |
2337 Jun 14 |
2373 Jul 05 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2499 Sep 19 |
2589 Nov 13 |
2950 Jun 21 |
3094 Sep 16 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 1–21 occur between 1832 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 1832 Aug 11 | 1850 Aug 22 | 1868 Sep 02 | |||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 1886 Sep 13 | 1904 Sep 24 | 1922 Oct 06 | |||
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| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1940 Oct 16 | 1958 Oct 27 | 1976 Nov 06 | |||
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| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 1994 Nov 18 | 2012 Nov 28 | 2030 Dec 09 | |||
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| 13 | 14 | 15 | |||
| 2048 Dec 20 | 2066 Dec 31 | 2085 Jan 10 | |||
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| 16 | 17 | 18 | |||
| 2103 Jan 23 | 2121 Feb 02 | 2139 Feb 13 | |||
| 19 | 20 | 21 | |||
| 2157 Feb 24 | 2175 Mar 07 | 2193 Mar 17 | |||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2147 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1809 Apr 30 (Saros 128) |
1820 Mar 29 (Saros 129) |
1831 Feb 26 (Saros 130) |
1842 Jan 26 (Saros 131) |
1852 Dec 26 (Saros 132) | |||||
| 1863 Nov 25 (Saros 133) |
1874 Oct 25 (Saros 134) |
1885 Sep 24 (Saros 135) |
1896 Aug 23 (Saros 136) |
1907 Jul 25 (Saros 137) | |||||
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| 1918 Jun 24 (Saros 138) |
1929 May 23 (Saros 139) |
1940 Apr 22 (Saros 140) |
1951 Mar 23 (Saros 141) |
1962 Feb 19 (Saros 142) | |||||
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| 1973 Jan 18 (Saros 143) |
1983 Dec 20 (Saros 144) |
1994 Nov 18 (Saros 145) |
2005 Oct 17 (Saros 146) |
2016 Sep 16 (Saros 147) | |||||
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| 2027 Aug 17 (Saros 148) |
2038 Jul 16 (Saros 149) |
2049 Jun 15 (Saros 150) |
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| 2114 Dec 12 (Saros 156) |
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| 2147 Sep 09 (Saros 159) | |||||||||
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 152.
| November 12, 1985 | November 23, 2003 |
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "November 17–18, 1994 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1994 Nov 18" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 1994 Nov 18". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 145". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 145
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
- Saros cycle 145
- 1994 Nov 18 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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