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Google Pay (payment method)

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For other uses, see Google Pay.

Google Pay
Developer(s)Google
Initial release
  • May 26, 2011; 13 years ago (2011-05-26) (as Google Wallet)
  • September 11, 2015; 9 years ago (2015-09-11) (as Android Pay)
  • January 8, 2018; 6 years ago (2018-01-08) (as Google Pay)
Stable release(s) [±]
Operating system
Platform
LicenseProprietary
Websitepay.google.com/about/

Google Pay (formerly Android Pay) is a mobile payment service developed by Google to power in-app, online, and in-person contactless purchases on mobile devices, enabling users to make payments with Android phones, tablets, or watches. Users can authenticate via a PIN, passcode, or biometrics such as 3D face scanning or fingerprint recognition.[1]

As of 2024, it is available in 85 countries.[2]

Service

Google Pay acceptance mark


Google Pay uses near-field communication (NFC) to transmit card information facilitating funds transfer to the retailer. It replaces the credit or debit card chip and PIN or magnetic stripe transaction at point-of-sale terminals by allowing the user to upload these in Google Wallet. It is similar to contactless payments already used in many countries, with the addition of two-factor authentication. The service lets Android devices wirelessly communicate with point of sale systems using a near-field communication (NFC) antenna and host-based card emulation (HCE).

When the user makes a payment to a merchant, Google Pay does not send the actual payment card number. Instead, it generates a virtual account number representing the user's account information.[3]

Google Pay requires that a screen lock be set on the phone or watch.[4] An age limit minimum of 13 years is imposed on users seeking to manage the service themselves. However, younger users can still have access to Google Pay if a parent or guardian manages Wallet for them, and utilizes an approved bank (currently only available on the Fitbit Ace.)[5]

Users can add payment cards to the service by taking a photo of the card, or by entering the card information manually. To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated device to the point of sale system. The service has smart-authentication, allowing the system to detect when the device is considered secure (for instance, if unlocked in the last five minutes) and challenge if necessary for unlock information.[6]

Technology

Google Pay uses the EMV Payment Tokenization Specification.[7]

The service keeps customer payment information private from the retailer by replacing the customer's credit or debit card Funding Primary Account Number (FPAN) with a tokenized Device Primary Account Number (DPAN) and creates a "dynamic security code [...] generated for each transaction". The "dynamic security code" is the cryptogram in an EMV-mode transaction, and the Dynamic Card Verification Value (dCVV) in a magnetic-stripe-data emulation-mode transaction. Users can also remotely halt the service on a lost phone via Google's Find My Device service.

To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated Android device to the point-of-sale system's NFC reader. Android users authenticate unlocking their phone by using biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode, whereas Wear OS and Fitbit OS users authenticate by opening the Google Wallet app prior to payment.[8]

Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM)

In EMV-mode transactions, Google Pay supports the use of the Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM) using biometrics, pattern, or the device's passcode. The use of CDCVM allows the device itself to provide verification for the transaction and may not require the cardholder to sign a receipt or enter their PIN.[9][10]

Security

Payments for supported transit networks are available to skip verification, either via a payment card or transit card. Though the phone screen needs to be on and is not available when the battery is low, unlike Apple Pay's Express Mode.

On Wear OS and Fitbit OS, this option is not available. All transactions on wearable devices must be authenticated by opening the Wallet app prior to tapping.[11]

Since 2022, the functionality of adding NFC bank cards in Google Wallet requires devices to pass Play Integrity API checks. This implies having a device with locked bootloader and no rooting. [12]

Availability

Google Pay is available in all the same regions that Google Wallet is.

Supported networks

Upcoming

See also

References

  1. ^ "Set up screen lock to make contactless payments - Android". Google Inc. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  2. ^ "Where you can use Google Wallet". Google Wallet Help. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  3. ^ "Google introduces Android Pay, a replacement for its wallet app on mobile". The Verge. May 28, 2015. Archived from the original on May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  4. ^ "Set up Google Pay". Archived from the original on June 4, 2018.
  5. ^ "Set up tap to pay on your child's Fitbit Ace LTE". Google Wallet Help. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  6. ^ "Fingerprint and payments APIs (100 Days of Google Dev)". Google Developers. 2015. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016 – via YouTube.
  7. ^ "Payment Tokenisation". EMVco. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on October 14, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  8. ^ "Pay with your smartwatch". Google Pay Help. Google Inc. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  9. ^ "Set up screen lock to make contactless payments – Android – Google Pay Help". Google Inc. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  10. ^ "CDCVM – Google Pay Merchant Help". Google Inc. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  11. ^ "Verify it's you to make a purchase - Google Wallet Help". support.google.com. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
  12. ^ "Some people aren't able to tap and pay with Google Wallet right now". androidpolice.com. April 16, 2024.
  13. ^ "GooglePay | Elo". www.elo.com.br. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  14. ^ "eftpos & Google Pay™ FAQ | eftpos Australia". www.eftposaustralia.com.au. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  15. ^ "Interac Debit on Android Pay launches in Canada". Interac. May 31, 2017. Archived from the original on February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  16. ^ a b 順（管理人）, 作成者 石井 (July 22, 2023). "キタ？！Google Pixel Watch「iD/QUICPay」決済解禁". Jetstream BLOG (in Japanese). Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  17. ^ "iipupii on X". X. December 22, 2024. Archived from the original on December 22, 2024. Retrieved December 22, 2024.
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