Portal:Puerto Rico

The Puerto Rico Portal The flag of Puerto Rico Location of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (Spanish for 'rich port'; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a self-governing Caribbean archipelago and island organized as an unincorporated territory of the United States under the designation of commonwealth. Located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles, it consists of the eponymous main island and numerous smaller islands, including Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. With approximately 3.2 million residents, it is divided into 78 municipalities, of which the most populous is the capital municipality of San Juan, followed by those within the San Juan metropolitan area. Spanish and English are the official languages of the government, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico was settled by a succession of Amerindian peoples beginning 2,000 to 4,000 years ago; these included the Ortoiroid, Saladoid, and Taíno. It was claimed by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493 and subsequently colonized by Juan Ponce de León in 1508. Puerto Rico was contested by other European powers into the 18th century but remained a Spanish possession for the next 400 years. The decline of the indigenous population, followed by an influx of Spanish settlers, primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia, and African slaves vastly changed the cultural and demographic landscape of the archipelago. Within the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategically significant role compared to larger and wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, centered around a fusion of European, African, and indigenous elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States. Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917 and can move freely between the archipelago and the mainland. However, residents of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised from federal elections and generally do not pay federal income tax. In common with four other territories, Puerto Rico sends a nonvoting representative to the U.S. Congress, called a Resident Commissioner, and participates in presidential primaries; as it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the U.S. Congress, which oversees it under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Congress approved a territorial constitution in 1952, allowing residents of the archipelago to elect a governor in addition to a senate and house of representatives. The political status of Puerto Rico is an ongoing debate. Beginning in the mid-20th century, the U.S. government, together with the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company, launched a series of economic projects to develop Puerto Rico into an industrial high-income economy. It is classified by the International Monetary Fund as a developed jurisdiction with an advanced, high-income economy; it ranks 40th on the Human Development Index. The major sectors of Puerto Rico's economy are manufacturing, primarily pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and electronics, followed by services, namely tourism and hospitality. (Full article...) Recognized content – Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards. Nicky Jam in 2019 Nick Rivera Caminero (born March 17, 1981), known by his stage name Nicky Jam, is an American singer. He is best known for hits such as "X", "Travesuras", "El Perdón", "Hasta el Amanecer", and "El Amante"; the latter three are from his 2017 album Fénix. He has frequently collaborated with other Latin artists such as Daddy Yankee, J Balvin, Ozuna, Plan B and Anuel AA. While his early music exemplified traditional fast-paced reggaeton, his newer compositions place more emphasis on sung vocals and romantic lyrics. Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts to a Dominican mother and a Puerto Rican father, his family moved to Puerto Rico when he was ten years old. He began recording music at age fourteen with his first EP ...Distinto a los demás (1995), and eventually caught the attention of Daddy Yankee. The two formed the group Los Cangris, which was active from the late 1990s to 2004. The pair split acrimoniously and Nicky Jam's career quickly took a sharp decline, followed by a period of legal struggles and substance abuse. (Full article...) Afro–Puerto Ricans (Spanish: Afropuertorriqueños), most commonly known as Afroboricuas, but also occasionally referred to as Afroborinqueños, Afroborincanos, or Afropuertorros, are Puerto Ricans of full or partial sub-Saharan African origin, who are predominately the descendants of slaves, freedmen, and free Blacks original to West and Central Africa. The term Afro-Puerto Rican is also used to refer to historical or cultural elements in Puerto Rican society associated with this community, including music, language, cuisine, art, and religion. The history of Afro-Puerto Ricans traces its origins to the arrival of free West African Black men, or libertos (freedmen), who accompanied Spanish Conquistador Juan Ponce de León at the start of the colonization of the island of Puerto Rico. Upon landing and settling, the Spaniards enslaved and exploited the indigenous Taíno natives to work in the extraction of gold. When the Taíno forced laborers were exterminated primarily due to Old World infectious diseases, the Spanish Crown began to rely on sub-Saharan African slavery emanating from different ethnic groups within West and Central Africa to staff their mining, plantations, and constructions. (Full article...) La Fortaleza in Old San Juan is the official residence of the governor of Puerto Rico. It was built between 1533 and 1540. The first person to officially occupy the position was Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León in 1509. At the time, the Spanish monarchy was responsible for appointing the functionary who would perform this office. The first native Puerto Rican to perform the function was Juan Ponce de León II, as interim governor in 1579. During this administration, all of those appointed to take the position had served another function within the empire's government or the Roman Catholic Church. In 1898, the United States invaded Puerto Rico and the Spanish government ceded control of the island to the United States. During the first two years, the entire government in Puerto Rico was appointed by the president of the United States. In 1900, the American government approved the establishment of the Foraker Act as a federal law, this act established a civilian government in the island. In 1947, the federal Elective Governor Act was enacted, which created a new system where, since 1948, the governor is elected through a democratic process every four years. The governor is in charge of Puerto Rico's executive branch and is responsible for appointing executive branch agency heads, including the Secretary of State, who fulfills the role of lieutenant governor, the legislative branch's ombudsman and comptroller and all judges in the judicial branch. (Full article...) Rodríguez with the Texas Rangers in 2009 Iván Rodríguez Torres (born November 27, 1971), nicknamed "Pudge" and "I-Rod", is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball catcher. A member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Rodríguez is widely regarded as one of the greatest catchers in MLB history. He played for the Texas Rangers (in two separate stints, comprising the majority of his career), Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Houston Astros and Washington Nationals. Rodríguez was awarded the AL MVP award in 1999. He won the 2003 World Series with the Florida Marlins and played in the 2006 World Series while with the Tigers. In 2009, he set an MLB record by catching his 2,227th game, passing Carlton Fisk. He had the best career caught-stealing percentage of any major league catcher, at 45.68% (versus a league average of 31%), and he had nine seasons with a caught-stealing rate of 50% or higher. Only one major league catcher (Yadier Molina) has more putouts. (Full article...) Hurricane Klaus at peak intensity northeast of the Leeward Islands on November 9 Hurricane Klaus was a North Atlantic hurricane that hit the Leeward Islands from the west in November of the 1984 Atlantic hurricane season. Forming from a broad area of low pressure on November 5, Klaus maintained a northeast movement throughout much of its path. After making landfall on extreme eastern Puerto Rico, it passed to the north of the Leeward Islands, resulting in strong southwesterly winds and rough seas. Klaus attained hurricane status and reached peak winds of 90 mph (145 km/h) before becoming extratropical over cooler waters on November 13. The storm dropped heavy rainfall in Puerto Rico, causing minor flooding and light damage. Klaus caused heavy marine damage in the Leeward Islands, including wrecking at least three ships. The Virgin Islands experienced heavy damage as well. (Full article...) "Y Hubo Alguien" (English: "And There Was Someone") is a song by American singer Marc Anthony from his third studio album, Contra la Corriente (1997). The song was written by Omar Alfanno, with record production being handled by Ángel "Cucco" Peña. It was released as the first promotional single from the album in 1997. A salsa song which combines elements of R&B, it describes a man who has found love again after his former lover left him. The song was inspired by a fight Alfanno had with his partner and pitched the song to RMM, but was turned down. Anthony offered to record the track after Alfanno presented it to him. "Y Hubo Alguien" won the Billboard Latin Music Award for "Tropical/Salsa Hot Latin Track of the Year" in 1998 and the Lo Nuestro Award for Tropical Song of the Year in the same year. Its music video was directed by Benny Corral and was nominated in the category of Video of the Year at the 1998 Lo Nuestro Awards. Commercially, it topped the Billboard Hot Latin Songs in the United States, becoming the first salsa track accomplish this achievement. It also reached the top of the Tropical Airplay chart where it spent eight weeks at this position. The song was covered by Puerto Rican singer Ángel López as a ballad on his studio album Historias de Amor (2010). (Full article...) Front facade of Ponce Cathedral The Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe (English: Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe or simply Ponce Cathedral) is the cathedral for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ponce located in downtown Ponce, Puerto Rico. The cathedral lies in the middle of Ponce's town square, known as Plaza Las Delicias, located at the center of the Ponce Historic Zone. For its historic significance, the cathedral was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is the seat of the Bishop of Ponce, currently Rubén González Medina. The cathedral has a history that dates to 1670. It has been damaged several times by fires and earthquakes. It stands out among Puerto Rico's other four cathedrals for its intricate design. It has a large pipe organ that was played by danza master and composer Juan Morel Campos. Architecturally, it is designed in the neoclassical style. Structurally, it follows a cruciform plan, with a large dome at the crossing. The interior consists of a main nave and two large aisles separated by a series of eight arcades. There are two small chapels in its interior. Two three-story square towers decorate the front facade. (Full article...) FRONT - 100 Pesos bank note of 1894 Banco Español de Puerto Rico. The currencies of Puerto Rico closely follow the historic development of the territory. As a Province of Spain (Autonomous Community) and a territory of the United States, Puerto Rico was granted the use of both foreign and provincial currencies. Following the Spanish colonization in 1508, Puerto Rico became an important port, with its own supply of gold. However, as the mineral reserves ran empty within the century, the archipelago's economy suffered. The Spanish Crown issued the Situado Mexicano, which meant that a semi-regular shipment of gold from the Viceroyalty of New Spain would be sent to the island, as a way to provide economic support. Between 1636 and 1637, Philip IV of Spain imposed a tax which had to be paid using a revenue stamp. Inspired by this, Puerto Rico began producing banknotes in 1766, becoming the first Overseas Province to print 8-real banknotes in the Spanish Empire and which in the Spanish government's approval of subsequent issues. The situado was discontinued during the 19th century, creating an economic crisis, as a result of Mexico gaining its independence from Spain. Salvador Meléndez Bruna, the colonial governor in office, ordered the issue of provincial banknotes, creating the Puerto Rican peso. However, printing of these banknotes ceased after 1815. During the following decades, foreign coins became the widespread currency. In the 1860s and 1870s, banknotes reemerged. On February 1, 1890, the Banco Español de Puerto Rico was inaugurated and began issuing banknotes. The bank designed four series and placed three in circulation under Spanish rule. In 1895, a Royal Decree ordered the production of provincial peso coins. (Full article...) Monument of Roberto Cofresí located in Boquerón Bay. Roberto Cofresí y Ramírez de Arellano (June 17, 1791 – March 29, 1825), better known as El Pirata Cofresí, was a pirate from Puerto Rico. He was born into a noble family, but the political and economic difficulties faced by the island as a colony of the Spanish Empire during the Latin American wars of independence meant that his household was poor. Cofresí worked at sea from an early age which familiarized him with the region's geography, but it provided only a modest salary, and he eventually decided to abandon the sailor's life and became a pirate. He had previous links to land-based criminal activities, but the reason for Cofresí's change of vocation is unknown; historians speculate that he may have worked as a privateer aboard El Scipión, a ship owned by one of his cousins. At the height of his career, Cofresí evaded capture by vessels from Spain, Gran Colombia, the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, and the United States. He commanded several small-draft vessels, the best known a fast six-gun sloop named Anne, and he had a preference for speed and maneuverability over firepower. He manned them with small, rotating crews which most contemporaneous documents numbered at 10 to 20. He preferred to outrun his pursuers, but his flotilla engaged the West Indies Squadron twice, attacking the schooners USS Grampus and USS Beagle. Most crew members were recruited locally, although men occasionally joined them from the other Antilles, Central America, and Europe. He never confessed to murder, but he reportedly boasted about his crimes, and 300 to 400 people died as a result of his pillaging, mostly foreigners. (Full article...) Ivy Queen in 2010 Ivy Queen is a Puerto Rican singer and songwriter who has received awards and nominations for her contributions to the music industry, specifically in Latin music and several of its subgenres. Having sold more than two million records, she is the most successful female reggaetón artist and the "only significant female reggaetón rapper" according to The New York Times. Ivy Queen is commonly referred to as the "Queen of Reggaetón" in a genre dominated by male singers, and has become the "indisputable lead female voice of not only Latin urban and reggaetón music but an international icon for Latin music itself" according to the president of Universal Music Latino. In 2006, Ivy Queen received the first Premio Juventud "Diva Award", which honored the singer for her musical career and is her only Premio Juventud thus far. In 2009, "Dime", from the album Ivy Queen 2008 World Tour Live!, became her most nominated work at the Billboard Latin Music Award ceremony, where she was awarded both "Hot Latin Song of the Year, Female" and "Tropical Airplay Song of the Year, Female" out of five total nominations. Later in 2010, the song gained Ivy Queen an award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) for "Urban Song of the Year". (Full article...) Antonio Paoli (14 April 1871 – 24 August 1946) was a Puerto Rican tenor. At the height of his fame, he was known as "The King of Tenors and The Tenor of Kings." He is considered to be the first Puerto Rican to reach international fame in the musical arts. Paoli has been recognized as "one of the most outstanding opera singers of all time," and as one who had "one of the most lyric and powerful voices...superior even to his contemporary rival, Enrico Caruso." After spending his childhood in his birth city of Ponce, Paoli moved to Spain where, with the assistance of his well-connected sister Amalia, he obtained a royal scholarship to take singing lessons in Italy. After singing to standing ovation crowds in both Spain and Italy, Paoli made his grand debut in Paris, France, where he was encouraged to perform on the highest levels of the world stage. Before the end of the 19th century and while Paoli was still in his twenties, he went on a tour of Europe that earned him both popular acclaim, and imperial honors from princes, kings, and emperors. (Full article...) The Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico began in the 15th century with the arrival of the anusim (variously called conversos, Crypto-Jews, Secret Jews or marranos) who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage. An open Jewish community did not flourish in the colony because Judaism was prohibited by the Spanish Inquisition. However, many migrated to mountainous parts of the island, far from the central power of San Juan, and continued to self-identify as Jews and practice Crypto-Judaism. It would be hundreds of years before an open Jewish community was established on the island. Very few American Jews settled in Puerto Rico after it was ceded by Spain to the United States under the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish–American War. (Full article...) Official portrait, 2009 Sonia Maria Sotomayor (/ˈsoʊnjə ˌsoʊtoʊmaɪˈjɔːr/ , Spanish: [ˈsonja sotomaˈʝoɾ]; born June 25, 1954) is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on May 26, 2009, and has served since August 8, 2009. She is the third woman, first woman of color, the first Hispanic and the first Latina to serve on the Supreme Court. Sotomayor was born in the Bronx, New York City, to Puerto Rican-born parents. Her father died when she was nine, and she was subsequently raised by her mother. Sotomayor graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University in 1976 and received her Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1979, where she was an editor of the Yale Law Journal. Sotomayor worked as an assistant district attorney in New York for four and a half years before entering private practice in 1984. She played an active role on the boards of directors for the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, the State of New York Mortgage Agency, and the New York City Campaign Finance Board. (Full article...) Residente o Visitante (Resident or Visitor) is the second studio album by Puerto Rican urban/hip hop band Calle 13, released on April 24, 2007, by Sony BMG. Recorded in various countries while on tour in promotion of the duo's debut album Calle 13, Residente o Visitante marked an evolution in the band's musical and lyrical style. While writing the album, the duo took a trip to South America to explore areas populated by Latin America's indigenous and African-descended minorities, a journey that greatly influenced the music on Residente o Visitante. The album features six guest artists and delves into genres such as tango, bossa nova, cumbia, and electronica. Residente o Visitante debuted at number one on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, selling 12,000 copies in its first week. The record was also certified Gold in Argentina by the Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers (CAPIF). The first single released from the album, "Tango del Pecado", reached number 14 on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay chart. The record received positive reviews from critics, who praised the album's experimental nature and unique lyrical themes. The album also won Best Urban Music Album and Best Urban Song for "Pal' Norte" at the 8th Annual Latin Grammy Awards. A film entitled Sin Mapa documenting the group's travel experiences while recording the album was released on July 29, 2009. (Full article...) Drama Queen is the seventh studio album by Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist Ivy Queen. It was released on July 13, 2010 by Machete Music. The album was written by Queen with help from Rafael Castillo, Marcos Masis and others, while production was handled by Luny Tunes, Tainy and Noriega. The album features collaborations with De La Ghetto, Frank Reyes, Wisin & Yandel and Franco "El Gorila". It features a wide variety of musical styles in common with her previous album, Sentimiento, released three years earlier on a different label. Selling more than 3,000 units in its first week, Drama Queen debuted and peaked at number 163 on the US Billboard 200 chart, number three on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, number one on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Albums chart and number 18 on the Billboard Rap Albums chart. The recording received a Latin Grammy nomination for Best Urban Music Album at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2011 and two nominations at the Billboard Latin Music Awards of 2011. The album garnered mainly positive reviews from critics, who praised the mixture of R&B and reggaeton. (Full article...) Selected picture – Photo credit: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center The Arecibo Observatory is the world's largest single-aperture telescope ever constructed. The telescope's dish has a diameter of over 1,000 ft (305m) and covers over 18 acres. The receiver array is suspended 450 ft (150m) above the dish, supported by three concrete towers each measuring between 265 ft (80m) and 365 ft (110m). Selected anniversaries for November November 1, 1912 - Birth of Alicia Moreda, television soap opera actress (d. 1983) November 1, 1950 - Two Puerto Rican nationalists try to storm the Blair House in a failed attempt to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman. November 1, 1963 - The Arecibo Observatory, the largest single-aperture telescope, officially opened for operations. November 1, 1927 - Birth of Victor Pellot, former Mayor League Baseball player November 2, 2004 - General elections were held in Puerto Rico, with no clear victor for the Governor seat. On December 28, Aníbal Acevedo Vilá was declared the winner following several recounts and court rulings. November 3, 1867 - Death of Segundo Ruiz Belvis, abolitionist and political activist (b. 1829) November 5, 1934 - Birth of Victor Argo, actor (d. 2004) November 6, 1958 - The Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra performs in its first live concert in Mayagüez. November 7, 1944 - General elections were held in Puerto Rico. The Popular Democratic Party won by a landslide. November 7, 1944 - 16 passengers lost their lives and 50 were injured when a train derailed in Aguadilla, making it the worst disaster in Puerto Rico rail transport history. November 9, 1945 - The 65th Infantry arrive in Puerto Rico after their participation in World War II. November 16, 1952 - Death of Jesús T. Piñero, first native Governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1897) November 19, 1493 - Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico, naming the island San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist. The day has since become a national holiday on the island. November 19, 1982 - Birth of Jonathan Sánchez, Mayor League Baseball pitcher November 20, 1878 - Birth of Félix Córdova Dávila, politician and Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico (d. 1938) November 22, 1595 - Sir Francis Drake, with 27 vessels and 2,500 troops, sails into San Juan Bay in an attempt to loot the city. His attack would ultimately fail. November 25, 1897 - The Carta Autonómica (Autonomic Charter) was approved in Spain, which conceded political and administrative autonomy to the island. November 29, 2005 - Death of Victor Pellot, as a result of cancer November 30, 1971 - Birth of Iván Rodríguez, Mayor League Baseball catcher More anniversaries... WikiProjects WikiProject Puerto Rico Parent Projects: Sister Projects: Geography     Caribbean Cuba • Dominican Republic     Latin America Mexico • Mesoamerica     United States Puerto Rican Highways Ethnic groups     Latinos Selected article – The Historic 1911 Casa Salazar-Candal in Barrio Tercero Casa Salazar-Candal (English: Salazar–Candal House) is a historic building located on the southeast corner of Isabel and Mayor Cantera streets in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in the city's historic district. The building dates from 1911. It was designed by the architect Blas Silva. The architecture consists of 19th Classical revival, Art Nouveau and Spanish Revival architectural styles. Today the Salazar–Candal Residence houses the Museum of the History of Ponce. (Full article...) List of selected articles Rail transport in Puerto Rico Flag of Puerto Rico Taíno Puerto Ricans in World War II Reggaeton History of Puerto Rico San Juan, Puerto Rico Ponce, Puerto Rico Ponce Creole Spanish–Taíno War of San Juan–Borikén Arecibo Observatory Guaynabo, Puerto Rico Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico Music of Puerto Rico Letras de Ponce History of women in Puerto Rico Rafael Cordero Santiago Port of the Americas Plaza Las Delicias Guayama, Puerto Rico Puerto Rican spindalis School of Tropical Medicine (Puerto Rico) Puerto Rico National Guard Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War Residencia Armstrong-Poventud Puerto Rico Soccer League Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico Puerto Ricans in New York City Piragua (food) San Juan Nationalist revolt Puerto Ricans in World War I Puerto Rico Nationalist Party Spanish settlement of Puerto Rico Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico) Chupacabra Parque de Bombas Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente Puerto Rico Manatee Conservation Center Hacienda Mercedita IWA World Heavyweight Championship (Puerto Rico) United States Customs House (Ponce, Puerto Rico) Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War Hacienda Buena Vista Puerto Rico Highway 10 Puerto Rican rock frog Caja de Muertos Light Panteón Nacional Román Baldorioty de Castro Cañas River (Ponce, Puerto Rico) Aguadilla, Puerto Rico Selected biography – Cepeda with the San Francisco Giants in 1965 Orlando Manuel Cepeda Pennes (Spanish pronunciation: [oɾˈlando seˈpeða]; September 17, 1937 – June 28, 2024), nicknamed "the Baby Bull" and "Peruchin", was a Puerto Rican first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for six teams from 1958 to 1974, primarily the San Francisco Giants. An 11-time All-Star, Cepeda was one of the most consistent power hitters in the National League (NL) through the 1960s and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999. Breaking in with the Giants in their first season after relocating to San Francisco, he was named the NL Rookie of the Year by unanimous vote in 1958. Every year from 1958 through 1963, he was among the league leaders in batting, home runs, RBIs, slugging percentage, and total bases. In 1959, he became the first Puerto Rican player to start an All-Star Game, and in 1961 he was runner-up in voting for the NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) after leading the league with 46 home runs and 142 RBIs, which remains the club record for right-handed hitters. In the ensuing years, the Giants struggled to fit both Cepeda and teammate Willie McCovey, also a first basemen, into their lineup, unsuccessfully trying to shift each of them to left field at different points. (Full article...) List of selected biographies Héctor Lavoe Pedro Albizu Campos Roberto Clemente Daddy Yankee Ivy Queen Sylvia Mendez Felicitas Mendez Ángel Rivero Méndez Victor Pellot Eugenio María de Hostos Alejandro Tapia y Rivera Ángel Daniel Vassallo Joxel García Emmanuel Rodríguez Marcos Xiorro María Luisa Arcelay Kenny Galarza José M. Portela Jorge Posada María Teresa Babín Cortés Jaime Navarro Rafael Carrión Sr. José Ramon Fernández Kenneth McClintock José Maldonado Román Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón Bad Bunny Isabel González Did you know – Science-related topics Olga D. González-Sanabria ... that Dr. Nitza Margarita Cintrón, is the first Hispanic to be named Chief of Space Medicine and Health Care Systems Office at NASA's Johnson Space Center? ... that Dr. Félix Soto Toro is the scientist who developed an electronic 3D measuring system (APTMS) for the Space Shuttle? ... that Dr. Juan R. Cruz, Ph.D., is a Puerto Rican scientist who played an instrumental role in the design and development of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) parachute. ... that Dr. Enectali Figueroa, is astrophysicist at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) who pioneered the development of position-sensitive detectors, and currently an astronaut applicant? ... that Dr. Orlando Figueroa a.k.a. NASA Mars Czar was Director for Mars Exploration and the Director for the Solar System Division in the Office of Space Science at NASA Headquarters? ... that Olga D. González-Sanabria is the highest ranking Hispanic at NASA Glenn Research Center, a member of the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame and that she played an instrumental role in the development of the "Long Cycle-Life Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries" which helps enable the International Space Station power system? ... that Amri Hernández-Pellerano is a scientist who designed the power systems electronics for the WMAP mission. WMAP is a NASA Explorer mission satellite which measures the temperature of the cosmic background radiation over the full sky with unprecedented accuracy? ... that Mercedes Reaves is responsible for the design of a viable full-scale solar sail and the development and testing of a scale model solar sail at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia? ... that Dr. Miriam Rodón-Naveira;is the first Hispanic woman to hold the Deputy Directorship for the Environmental Sciences Division within the National Exposure Research Laboratory and that she is now responsible for developing, coordinating and maintaining research and educational activities in support of NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center mission? ... that Dr. Pedro Rodríguez, the Director of a test laboratory at NASA and inventor of a portable, battery-operated lift seat for people suffering from knee arthritis is the son of salsa singer Pellín Rodríguez? General images The following are images from various Puerto Rico-related articles on Wikipedia. Aftermath in Mayaguez, of the 1918 earthquake. (from History of Puerto Rico) Four men playing dominoes in San Juan, Puerto Rico (from Culture of Puerto Rico) Juan Ponce de León (Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain), was the first governor of Puerto Rico. His grandson Juan Ponce de Leon II was the first indigenous governor of Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico) Flag flown by Fidel Vélez and his men during the "Intentona de Yauco" revolt. (from History of Puerto Rico) Hurricanes Irma and Maria sharply reduced the availability of electricity throughout the island (from History of Puerto Rico) 'La escuelo del Maestro Cordero' by Puerto Rican artist Francisco Oller. (from Culture of Puerto Rico) From 1948 to 1952 it was a felony to display the Puerto Rican flag in public; the only flag permitted to be flown on the island was the flag of the United States. (from History of Puerto Rico) Hacienda La Fortuna, sugar mill complex in Puerto Rico painted by Francisco Oller in 1885. (from Culture of Puerto Rico) The 45-star flag, used by the United States during the invasion of Puerto Rico, was also the official flag of Puerto Rico from 1899 to 1908. (from History of Puerto Rico) View across the Bay of San Juan of Fort San Felipe del Morro. (from History of Puerto Rico) Christopher Columbus, the explorer credited with the European discovery of Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico) The original Lares revolutionary flag. The first "Puerto Rican Flag" used in the unsuccessful Grito de Lares (Lares Uprising). (from History of Puerto Rico) Los Reyes Magos painted by Hipolito Marte Martinez, "In Puerto Rico, Melchior is always represented with dark skin" (from Culture of Puerto Rico) "El desastre es la colonia" (the disaster is the colony), words seen on light meter six months after Hurricane Maria (from Culture of Puerto Rico) Sugar cane workers resting at the noon hour, Rio Piedras. Photograph by Jack Delano, a photographer for the Farm Security Administration. Ca. 1941. (from History of Puerto Rico) El Imparcial headline: "Aviation (US) bombs Utuado" during Nationalist revolts. (from History of Puerto Rico) The first Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, established in 1900. (from History of Puerto Rico) An 1899, caricature by Louis Dalrymple (1866–1905), showing Uncle Sam harshly lecturing four black children labelled Philippines, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Cuba (from History of Puerto Rico) US and Puerto Rico flags on a building in Puerto Rico (from Culture of Puerto Rico) Royal Cédula of Graces, 1815, which granted legal entry of some foreigners to Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico) Map of the departments of Puerto Rico during Spanish provincial times (1886). (from History of Puerto Rico) States proposed in the Spanish Draft Federal Constitution of 1873, among which Puerto Rico was included. (from History of Puerto Rico) Taíno village at Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center in Ponce, Puerto Rico. (from History of Puerto Rico) Picture by journalist Carlos Torres Morales of the Ponce massacre, March 21, 1937. (from History of Puerto Rico) Raising the US Flag over San Juan, October 18, 1898. (from History of Puerto Rico) Selected quote – “ Reason does not scream. Reason convinces. La Razón no grita. La razón convence. ” — Luis A. Ferré, third elected Governor of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico-related topics Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories Puerto Rico Puerto Rico-related lists Buildings and structures in Puerto Rico Culture of Puerto Rico Economy of Puerto Rico Education in Puerto Rico Environment of Puerto Rico Flags of municipalities of Puerto Rico Geography of Puerto Rico Health in Puerto Rico History of Puerto Rico Military in Puerto Rico Organizations based in Puerto Rico Politics of Puerto Rico Puerto Rican people Society of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico stubs Related Portals Geography North America Latin America Caribbean Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Jamaica Mexico United States How you can help On Wikipedia, anyone can edit. 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