Rongga language

Rongga
Rongga
Native to	Indonesia
Region	central Flores
Native speakers	4,000 (2005)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern MP Sumba–Flores Ende–Manggarai Central Flores Rongga; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ror
Glottolog	rong1269
ELP	Rongga

Rongga is a language of central Flores, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Rongga is closely related to Ngadha, and more distantly to Manggarai.^[2]^[3]

Locally, it is considered part of the Manggarai culture;^[4] however, its closer linguistic relatives include Ngadha and Lio, both belonging to the Central Flores subgroup.^[2] Typologically, it is an isolating language.^[4] Like other Central Flores languages, it uses elements of a base-5 numeral system, possibly exhibiting the influence of a hypothetical Papuan linguistic substratum.^[5]

When written, it is spelled with Indonesian-like orthographic conventions. Digraphs such as zh, dh and bh are used to record sounds specific to this language.^[6]^[7]

References

^ Rongga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b Arka, I Wayan (2005). ‘Challenges and Prospect of Maintaining Rongga: A Preliminary Ethnographic Report’, in Ilana Mushin (ed.), Proceedings of the (2004) Conference of the Australian Linguistics Society. hdl:2123/138
^ I Wayan Arka (2016). Bahasa Rongga: Deskripsi, Tipologi dan Teori [Rongga Language: Description, Typology, and Theory] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Atma Jaya University Press. ISBN 978-602-8904-84-1.
^ ^a ^b I Wayan Arka (2010). "Maintaining Vera in Rongga: Struggles over Culture, Tradition, and Language in Modern Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia". In Margaret Florey (ed.). Endangered languages of Austronesia. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 90–109. ISBN 978-0-19-954454-7. OCLC 796288873.
^ Schapper, Antoinette; Klamer, Marian (2017). "Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages". In Marian Klamer (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 277–329. ISBN 978-3-944675-94-7.
^ I Wayan Arka; Jeladu Kosmas; I Nyoman Suparsa (2007). Bahasa Rongga: Tatabahasa Acuan Ringkas (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Atma Jaya. p. 53.
^ I Wayan Arka (2010). "Numerals in Rongga". In Andrew Pawley, John Bowden (ed.). A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: Papers in honour of Andrew Pawley. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 319–332. ISBN 978-0-85883-620-4. OCLC 645888379. Retrieved 2021-12-02.

Bibliography

I Wayan Arka; et al. (Fransiscus Seda, Antonius Gelang, Yohanes Nani, Ivan Ture) (2011). A Rongga-English Dictionary with English-Rongga Finderlist. Jakarta: Atma Jaya University Press. ISBN 978-602-8904-19-3.

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[e18-1] Rongga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[Challenges-2] Arka, I Wayan (2005). ‘Challenges and Prospect of Maintaining Rongga: A Preliminary Ethnographic Report’, in Ilana Mushin (ed.), Proceedings of the (2004) Conference of the Australian Linguistics Society. hdl:2123/138

[3] I Wayan Arka (2016). Bahasa Rongga: Deskripsi, Tipologi dan Teori [Rongga Language: Description, Typology, and Theory] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Atma Jaya University Press. ISBN 978-602-8904-84-1.

[Endangered-4] I Wayan Arka (2010). "Maintaining Vera in Rongga: Struggles over Culture, Tradition, and Language in Modern Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia". In Margaret Florey (ed.). Endangered languages of Austronesia. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 90–109. ISBN 978-0-19-954454-7. OCLC 796288873.

[5] Schapper, Antoinette; Klamer, Marian (2017). "Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages". In Marian Klamer (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. Berlin: Language Science Press. pp. 277–329. ISBN 978-3-944675-94-7.

[6] I Wayan Arka; Jeladu Kosmas; I Nyoman Suparsa (2007). Bahasa Rongga: Tatabahasa Acuan Ringkas (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Atma Jaya. p. 53.

[7] I Wayan Arka (2010). "Numerals in Rongga". In Andrew Pawley, John Bowden (ed.). A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: Papers in honour of Andrew Pawley. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 319–332. ISBN 978-0-85883-620-4. OCLC 645888379. Retrieved 2021-12-02.

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