Timeline of Frankfurt
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Prior to 19th century
[edit]| History of Germany |
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- pre 475 CE – Roman town Nida was the capital of Civitas Taunensium and one of important fortresses near the Limes Germanicus
- 843 CE – City becomes capital of East Francia.
- 1180 – Staufenmauer built.
- 1241 – Judenschlacht – First of two pogroms of Jews in the city.
- 1333 – City expands.
- 1349 – Judenschlacht.
- 1360 – Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.[1]
- 1370 – Public clock installed (approximate date).[2]
- 1372
- Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
- City buys forest from Charles IV.
- 1405 – Römer converted into city hall.
- 1428 – Eschenheimer Turm built.
- 1462 – Frankfurter Judengasse established.
- 1493 – Passion play begins.[3]
- 1531 – Printing press in operation.[4]
- 1581 – Rumpolt's cookbook published.[5]
- 1585 – Bourse established.
- 1648 – Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
- 1681 – St. Catherine's Church built.
- 1719 – Fire.
- 1739 – Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
- 1742 – The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
- 1748 – Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
- 1750 – Mainzer Landstraße built.
- 1759 – January: City occupied by French.[6]
- 1774 – Botanical garden laid out.
- 1790 – 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- 1792 – City occupied by French.
19th century
[edit]- 1806
- City occupied by French.
- City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
- 1808 – Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.[7]
- 1810 – City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
- 1812 – City refortified.
- 1815 – Städel founded.
- 1816 – Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
- 1817 – Population: 41,458 [8]
- 1829 – Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
- 1833
- 1839 – Taunus Railway begins operating.
- 1840 – Population: 55,269 [8]
- 1843 – Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) (stock exchange) built.
- 1846 – International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.[10]
- 1848
- September: "Uprising."[9]
- Frankfurt Assembly formed.
- 1849 – Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
- 1856 – Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
- 1858 – Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.[11]
- 1859 – Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
- 1861 – Population: 71,462.[12]
- 1863 – Federation of German Workers Associations founded in Frankfurt.[13]
- 1864 – Population: 77,372 [8]
- 1866 – City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.[9]
- 1867 – Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
- 1868 – Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.[14]
- 1871
- Treaty of Frankfurt signed.[9]
- Palmengarten opens.
- 1872 – Trams begin operating.[15]
- 1875 – Population: 103,136. [8]
- 1878 – Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie founded.
- 1879 – Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt (market) opens.[16]
- 1880 – Alte Oper inaugurated.
- 1881 – Metallgesellschaft founded.
- 1886 – Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.[17]
- 1890 – Population: 179,985 [8]
- 1895
- Bockenheim becomes part of city.
- Stempel Type Foundry established.
- Population: 229,279.
- 1897 – Frankfurt Motor Show begins.
20th century
[edit]1900s–1940s
[edit]
- 1904 – Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
- 1905 – Population: 334,978. [8]
- 1907
- May: City hosts the 1907 World Weightlifting Championships and 1907 World Wrestling Championships.
- 1909
- Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
- Festhalle built.
- 1914 – University of Frankfurt established.
- 1919 – Population: 433,002.[18]
- 1923 – Institute for Social Research founded.
- 1925 – Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) (monument) installed.
- 1926 – Alte Brücke (Frankfurt) (bridge) rebuilt.
- 1928
- Höchst becomes part of city.[19]
- Großmarkthalle built.
- Polish Consulate relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt.[20]
- Population: 551,200.
- 1929
- Frankfurt Radio Symphony Orchestra formed.[21]
- Holy Cross Church built.
- 1930 – IG Farben Building constructed.
- 1931 – Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
- 1934 – Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
- 1936
- Frankfurt Airport opens.
- Grüneburgpark opens.
- 1937 – Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[22]
- 1938 – Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
- 1942
- Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people dissolved.[22]
- February: Forced labour camp established in the Heddernheim district.[23]
- 1944 – Bombing begins.
- 1945
- 18 March: Forced labour camp in Heddernheim dissolved. Prisoners deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp.[23]
- 26–29 March: Battle of Frankfurt
- July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
- Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
- 1946 – Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
- 1948
- Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
- Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
- 1949
- Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
- Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
- Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
1950s–1990s
[edit]- 1951 – Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
- 1953 – Population: 600,579.
- 1954 – Goethe House opens.
- 1955 – Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
- 1957 – Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
- 1958
- Noor Mosque built.[25]
- Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino[26] open.
- 1959 – Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV (prison) begins operating.
- 1960
- Sigmund-Freud-Institut founded.
- City twinned with Lyon, France.[27]
- 1963 – Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
- 1966 – City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.[27]
- 1967 – City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.[27]
- 1968 – Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
- 1970
- Peace Research Institute Frankfurt[28] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater[1] founded.
- City twinned with Milan, Italy.[27]
- 1974 – City-Haus built.
- 1978
- Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
- Historic Railway museum founded.
- 1979
- Europaturm built.
- Titanic magazine begins publication.
- City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.[27]
- 1980 – City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.[27]
- 1981
- Frankfurt Marathon begins.
- Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
- 1984 – German Architecture Museum opens.[29]
- 1987 – Neues Theater Höchst founded.
- 1988 – City twinned with Guangzhou, China.[27]
- 1989
- City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[30]
- City twinned with Toronto, Canada.[27]
- 1990
- May: City hosts the 1990 European Judo Championships.
- City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.[27]
- 1991
- Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
- City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig.[27][31]
- 1992 – Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) (Institute for City History) established.
- 1993
- Westendstrasse 1 built.
- Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
- 1994 – European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
- 1995
- Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
- Petra Roth becomes mayor.
- 1996 – City website online (approximate date).[32]
- 1998 – European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
- 1999 – Main Tower built.
- 2000
- Museum Giersch opens.
- Population: 646,550.
21st century
[edit]- 2001 – Cinestar Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.[26]
- 2002 – Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
- 2003
- Bikeshare program launched.[33]
- Adorno-Denkmal (monument) installed.
- 2005
- Wikimania conference held in city.
- 2007
- Holy Cross - Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
- City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[31]
- 2009 – Zeil renovated.
- 2011
- June–July: City co-hosts the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
- City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.[31]
- 2012
- Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.[34]
- 2013 – City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.[31]
- 2014 – Population: 714,241.
- 2015
- Economic unrest.[35]
- City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.[31]
See also
[edit]Other cities in the state of Hesse:(de)
References
[edit]- ^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- ^ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Alan Davidson (2014). Oxford Companion to Food (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
- ^ Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
- ^ Führer durch den zoologischen Garten in Frankfurt-am-Main (in German), Frankfurt a.M, 1870, OL 24532112M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Frankfurt am Main". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ Masao Nishikawa (2010). Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914–1923. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-86596-296-6.
- ^ Tiefbauwesen 1903.
- ^ Leclerc, Florian (19 May 2022). "Frankfurt: Die Pferdetram wird 150 Jahre alt". Nachrichten aus Deutschland und der Welt, Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
- ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ Alfred Hermann Fried (1905). Handbuch der Friedensbewegung [Handbook of the Peace Movement] (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichischen Friedensgesellschaft.
- ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Die Entwicklung zur modernen Großstadt 1866–1945", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ a b "Lager für Sinti und Roma Frankfurt am Main". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ a b "Arbeitserziehungslager Frankfurt-Heddernheim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
- ^ Jocelyne Cesari, ed. (2014). Oxford Handbook of European Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960797-6.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Frankfurt, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Die Zeitgeschichte 1945–2000", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ Deutsches Architekturmuseum. "About Us". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Frankfurts Partnerstädte (in German), Stadt Frankfurt am Main, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ "Stadt Frankfurt Online" (in German). Archived from the original on 1996-12-31 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
- ^ "Germany riot targets new ECB headquarters in Frankfurt". BBC News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]in English
[edit]- Published in 18th–19th centuries
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Frankfort", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Frankfort on the Maine", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
- Webster, Hugh Alexander (1879). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (9th ed.).
- Published in 20th century
- Frankfurt am Main. City Engineers Dept. (1907). Guide to Some of the Public Works of Frankfort-am-Main.
- Frankfurter Verkehrsverein (1908). Official guide for Frankfort-on-Main and vicinity. Frankfort-on-Main: R. Th. Hauser & Co.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 17–21.
- "Frankfort", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483 + 1882 ed.
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Frankfort-am-Main", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- Martin Herbert Dodge (1920), The government of the city of Frankfort-on-the Main, [New York?], OCLC 2056934, OL 6632558M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Frankfurt". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8.
- Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich [in German] (1999). "Chronicle of Frankfurt as a financial centre (chronology)". Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-45671-8. (chronology)
in German
[edit]- Zeiller, Martin (1646). "Franckfurt". Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 27+. circa 1646/1655
- "Frankfurt a.M.". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
- Stadtgemeinde Frankfurt a.M. (1903). Das städtische Tiefbauwesen in Frankfurt a.M. (in German). Schirmer & Mahkau.
- Frankfurt a.M. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). A. Goldschmidt. 1912.
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Frankfurt a.M.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Karl Enslin (1861). Frankfurter Sagenbuch. Sagen und sagenhafte Geschichten aus Frankfurt am Main. Neue Ausgabe (in German). Frankfurt a. M., H. L. Brönner.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frankfurt am Main.
- Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Frankfurt City History
50°06′43″N 8°41′09″E / 50.111806°N 8.685944°E
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