Timeline of early independent Vietnam
This is a timeline of Early Independent Vietnam, covering the period of Vietnamese history from the rise of the Tĩnh Hải circuit ruled by the Khúc clan (r. 905–923/930) to the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt ruled by the Early Lê dynasty (980–1009).
10th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 906 | Khúc Thừa Dụ of the Khúc clan takes control of Annan as jiedushi governor of Tĩnh Hải circuit and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[1] | |
| 907 | Khúc Thừa Dụ's son, Khúc Hạo succeed the title jiedushi and is recognized by Zhu Quanzhong[2] | |
| 908 | Khúc Hạo dies and is succeeded by his son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ[3] | |
| 911 | Khúc Hạo's son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ brings to Later Liang dynasty's court 500 Vietnamese bananas, seafoods, jades, gold and silver objects as tributes[4] | |
| 930 | Southern Han invades Annam and removes the Khúc clan from power; Khúc Thừa Mỹ lives out the rest of his days at the Southern Han court[5] | |
| 931 | Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[5] | |
| 937 | Dương Đình Nghệ is murdered by his subject, Kiều Công Tiễn, and Kiều Công Tiễn calls Southern Han for military assistance[6] | |
| 938 | December | Battle of Bạch Đằng: Southern Han's fleet led by Liu Hongcao to subdue Annam is defeated on Bạch Đằng River by Vietnamese general Ngô Quyền[6] |
| 939 | 1 February | Ngô Quyền establishes his monarchy at Cổ Loa Citadel, known in Vietnamese history texts as the Ngô dynasty[6] |
| 944 | 14 February | Ngô Quyền dies; his son Ngô Xương Ngập is ousted by Dương Tam Kha, who seizes the throne for himself[7] |
| 950 | Dương Tam Kha is deposed by Ngô Xương Văn, who shares power with his brother Ngô Xương Ngập in a two-headed monarchy[7] | |
| 954 | Ngô Xương Ngập dies, after which Ngô Xương Văn declares himself a vassal of Southern Han[7] | |
| 965 | Ngô Xương Văn dies in battle against the rebellion of Đường Nguyễn; his son Ngô Xương Xí succeeds him but fails to retain control over the realm, resulting in the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords[7] | |
| 968 | Duke Đinh Bộ Lĩnh reunites the country under the Đinh dynasty and ends the Anarchy of the 12 Warlords[7] | |
| 972 | Đại Cồ Việt's independence is recognized by Song dynasty, establishing the nominate tributary relation[8] | |
| 979 | October | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh is assassinated by a eunuch and his infant son Đinh Phế Đế succeeds him; Dương Vân Nga becomes regent, however under the pressure of an impending Song dynasty invasion, she threw her support behind the commander-in-chief Lê Hoàn[7] |
| 981 | Battle of Bạch Đằng (981): Song dynasty invades Đại Cồ Việt with initial success but is ambushed and the campaign ends with Lê Hoàn accepting Song suzerainty[9] | |
| 982 | Champa detains envoys from Đại Cồ Việt, resulting in an invasion by Lê Hoàn, and the death of the Cham king Paramesvaravarman I and the plundering of its capital, Vijaya[10] | |
| 986 | A Vietnamese merchant in Indrapura named Lưu Kỳ Tông (Lieou Ki-Tsong) takes the throne of Cham king Indravarman IV[11] | |
| 990 | Song dynasty sends emissary to Hoa Lư[8] | |
| 995 | Summer | Vietnamese troops and warships attacked Chinese border towns[8] |
| 997 | Song Emperor gives Lê Hoàn the second title King of Nanping (南平王) in addition with King of Giao Chỉ (交趾郡王)[8] |
11th century
[edit]| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1005 | Lê Hoàn dies, causing a succession dispute that saw Lê Trung Tông killed after ruling for only 3 days; Lê Long Đĩnh succeeds him as new ruler of the Vietnamese[12] | |
| 1006 | Lê Long Đĩnh receives hundred of Mahayana Buddhist sutras, Taoist books, Classic literature from Song dynasty and translate into Vietnamese[13] | |
| 1007 | Lê Long Đĩnh sends tributes to Song dynasty, and receives back clothes, sutras, buckle belts[8] | |
| 1009 | Lê Long Đĩnh dies from hemorrhoids; military leader Lý Công Uẩn replaces the Lê dynasty and establishes the Lý dynasty[14] |
Gallery
[edit]-
Map of China and Vietnam during 951–960. Annam locates in the south, bordered by light purple line. -
Coins Thái Bình Hưng Bảo issued by emperor Đinh Tiên Hoàng in 970, the first Vietnamese native cash coins -
Nhật Tảo bronze bell cast in 948 by Hạ Từ Liêm blacksmith, contains Buddhist inscriptions and some earliest Vietnamese Nôm script characters -
Ceramic bowl originated from Abbasid Caliphate, dated 940s in Hanoi -
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Citations
[edit]- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 44.
- ^ Juzheng 1995, p. 53.
- ^ Taylor 1983, p. 207.
- ^ Juzheng 1995, p. 100.
- ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 45.
- ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 46.
- ^ a b c d e f Taylor 2013, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d e History of Song, vol. 488
- ^ Walker 2012, p. 211-212.
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 56.
- ^ Champa : Vương triều Indrapura (thế kỳ thứ IX-XI)
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 58.
- ^ Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, Main/vol. 2
- ^ Taylor 2013, p. 60.
References
[edit]- Juzheng, Xue (1995), Old History of the Five Dynasties, Zhonghua Book Company, ISBN 7101003214
- Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
- Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
- Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
- Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
- Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012), East Asia: A New History, AuthorHouse
- Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537