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When a work's copyright expires, it enters the public domain. Since laws vary globally, the copyright status of some works are not uniform. The following is a list of creators whose works enter the public domain in 2031 under the most common copyright regimes.

This list is based on current copyright laws and regulations, which are subject to change without notice.

Countries with life + 70 years

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See also: Creators whose works entered the public domain in countries with life + 50 years in 2011

Except for Belarus (Life + 50 years)[1] and Spain (which has a copyright term of Life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988), a work enters the public domain in Europe 70 years after the creator's death, if it was published during the creator's lifetime.[2][3] In addition, several other countries have a limit of 70 years. The list is sorted alphabetically and includes a notable work of the creator.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Chris van Abkoude Netherlands 6 November 1880 2 January 1960 Writer, Novelist Pietje Bell
Lady Cynthia Asquith United Kingdom 27 September 1887 31 March 1960 Author and editor This Mortal Coil
Eric Temple Bell United Kingdom
United States 		7 February 1883 21 December 1960 Mathematician and science fiction writer
Albert Camus France 7 November 1913 4 January 1960 Philosopher, author The Stranger
Victor Rousseau Emanuel United Kingdom 2 January 1879 6 April 1960 Author
John Russell Fearn United Kingdom 5 June 1908 18 September 1960 Author
Elsie J. Oxenham United Kingdom 25 November 1880 9 January 1960 Children's novelist Abbey Series of books
Eden Phillpotts United Kingdom 4 November 1862 29 December 1960 Author, poet and dramatist The Farmer's Wife
Nevil Shute United Kingdom 17 January 1899 12 January 1960 Aeronautical engineer, novelist On the Beach
Victor Sjöström Sweden 20 September 1879 3 January 1960 Film director, actor The Phantom Carriage
Dadasaheb Torne India 13 April 1890 19 January 1960 Film director Shree Pundalik

Countries with life + 50 years

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In most countries of Africa and Asia, as well as Belarus, Bolivia, New Zealand, Egypt and Uruguay, a work enters the public domain 50 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Joy Adamson Kenya 20 January 1910 3 January 1980 Conservationist, writer Born Free
Todhunter Ballard United States 14 December 1903 27 December 1980 Genre novelist
Roland Barthes France 12 November 1915 25 March 1980 Literary theorist Mythologies, "The Death of the Author"
Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy Ireland 6 June 1913 9 November 1980 Journalist, humorist
Alejo Carpentier Cuba 26 December 1904 24 April 1980 Novelist, writer The Kingdom of this World
Amy Clarke United Kingdom 21 December 1892 20 June 1980 Mystical poet
Margaret Cole United Kingdom 6 May 1893 7 May 1980 Political writer, biographer, activist
John Collier United Kingdom 3 May 1901 6 April 1980 Short story writer
Marc Connelly United States 13 December 1890 21 December 1980 Playwright
Sam Cree Northern Ireland 19 February 1928 26 October 1980 Playwright
Gareth Evans United Kingdom 12 May 1946 10 August 1980 Philosopher
George Sutherland Fraser Scotland 8 November 1915 3 January 1980 Poet, critic
Romain Gary France 21 May 1914 2 December 1980 Novelist Les Racines du ciel, La Vie devant soi
Jacky Gillott United Kingdom 24 September 1939 19 September 1980 Novelist
Salvator Gotta Italy 18 May 1887 7 June 1980 Writer
Traian Herseni Romania 18 February 1907 17 July 1980 Social scientist, journalist
P. M. Hubbard United Kingdom 9 November 1910 17 March 1980 Crime writer
Idris Jamma' Sudan 1 January 1922 27 March 1980 Poet
John Lennon United Kingdom 9 October 1940 8 December 1980 Musician, songwriter, author Discography
Olivia Manning United Kingdom 2 March 1908 23 July 1980 Novelist, poet Fortunes of War
Marshall McLuhan Canada 21 July 1911 31 December 1980 Philosopher Works
Carey McWilliams United States 13 December 1905 27 June 1980 Author, editor, lawyer
David Mercer United Kingdom 27 June 1928 8 August 1980 Dramatist
Henry Miller United States 26 December 1891 7 June 1980 Novelist Works
Vinicius de Moraes Brazil 19 October 1913 9 July 1980 Poet, songwriter
Katherine Anne Porter United States 15 May 1890 18 September 1980 Novelist, essayist
Marin Preda Romania 5 August 1922 16 May 1980 Novelist Moromeții, Cel mai iubit dintre pământeni
Caradog Prichard Wales 1904 25 February 1980 Poet, novelist Un Nos Ola Leuad
Barbara Pym United Kingdom 2 June 1913 11 January 1980 Novelist
Irene Rathbone United Kingdom 11 June 1892 21 January 1980 Novelist
Mart Raud Estonia 14 September 1903 6 July 1980 Poet, playwright, writer
Nelson Rodrigues Brazil 12 August 1912 21 December 1980 Playwright, journalist, novelist
Jean-Paul Sartre France 21 June 1905 15 April 1980 Philosopher, novelist, dramatist
Nichita Smochină Transnistria 14 March 1894 14 December 1980 Ethnographer, journalist
C. P. Snow United Kingdom 15 October 1905 1 July 1980 Novelist, scientist Strangers and Brothers, The Two Cultures
Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est Romania 14 March 1881 12 March 1980 Poet, novelist, cartoonist
Ben Travers United Kingdom 12 November 1886 18 December 1980 Playwright, screenwriter, novelist
Kenneth Tynan United Kingdom 2 April 1927 26 July 1980 Theater critic
James Wright United States 13 December 1927 25 March 1980 Poet The Branch Will Not Break

Countries with life + 80 years

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See also: Works that entered the public domain in countries with life + 70 years in 2021

Spain has a copyright term of life + 80 years for creators that died before 1988.[4] In Colombia and Equatorial Guinea, a work enters the public domain 80 years after the creator's death.

Names Country Birth Death Occupation Notable work
Octave-Louis Aubert France 8 January 1870 14 January 1950 Writer, journalist Le Livre de la Bretagne
Irving Bacheller United States 26 September 1859 24 February 1950 Writer, journalist Eben Holden
Sergei Bakhrushin Russia 8 October 1882 8 March 1950 Historian
Miklós Bánffy Hungary 30 December 1873 5 June 1950 Nobleman, politician, writer A Transylvanian Tale
Pavel Bazhov Russia 27 January 1879 3 December 1950 Writer The Malachite Box
Max Beckmann Germany 12 February 1884 27 December 1950 Painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor
William Rose Benét United States 2 February 1886 4 May 1950 Writer, poet, editor Saturday Review of Literature, The Reader's Encyclopedia
Lev Berg Russia 14 March 1876 24 December 1950 Geographer, biologist and ichthyologist
Ben Black United States 11 December 1889 26 December 1950 Composer, lyricist "Moonlight and Roses"
Léon Blum France 9 April 1872 30 March 1950 Politician Les Problèmes de la Paix
Ambrogio Bollati [it] Italy 26 November 1871 26 March 1950 General, Historian Works
D. K. Broster United Kingdom 2 September 1877 7 February 1950 Novelist The Flight of the Heron
Herbert Ashwin Budd United Kingdom 1881 1950 Painter
Joe Burke United States 18 March 1884 9 June 1950 Songwriter, Composer, pianist "Dancing With Tears in My Eyes", "Painting the Clouds With Sunshine", "Rambling Rose", "Tip-Toe Through the Tulips"
Edgar Rice Burroughs United States 1 September 1875 19 March 1950 Author of adventure and science fiction Tarzan and Barsoom
J. Carlos Brazil 18 July 1884 2 October 1950 Cartoonist, illustrator, graphic designer, sculptor
Basilio Cascella Italy 2 October 1860 24 July 1950 Artist Il bagno della pastora [it]
Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao Spain 29 January 1886 7 January 1950 Painter
Neville William Cayley Australia 7 January 1886 17 March 1950 Ornithologist & artist "What Bird is That?", 1931
Francesco Cilea Italy 26 July 1866 20 November 1950 Composer L'arlesiana and Adriana Lecouvreur
Leôncio Correia (pt) Brazil 1 January 1865 19 June 1950 Lawyer, politician, writer and journalist
Erle Cox Australia 15 August 1873 20 November 1950 Journalist and science fiction writer Out of the Silence
Walter Damrosch United States 30 January 1862 22 December 1950 Composer
Frank Parker Day Canada 9 May 1881 30 July 1950 Author and academic
Warwick Deeping United Kingdom 28 May 1877 20 April 1950 Author Sorrell and Son
Buddy DeSylva United States 27 January 1895 11 July 1950 Songwriter Avalon, Look For the Silver Lining, Somebody Loves Me
Edward d'Evry United Kingdom 6 June 1869 25 December 1950 Composer
Lancelot de Mole Australia 12 March 1880 6 May 1950 Engineer & inventor Tracked armoured vehicle, 1911
Clément Doucet Belgium 9 April 1895 15 October 1950 Composer, pianist
Anatoly Drozdov (ru) Russia 4 November 1883 10 September 1950 Composer, pianist
Theodor Duesterberg Germany 19 October 1875 4 November 1950 Politician The Steel Helmet and Hitler
Walter Eucken Germany 17 January 1891 20 March 1950 Economist Works
Percy Keese Fitzhugh United States 7 September 1876 5 July 1950 Author of children and young adult literature
Yevgeny Gunst Russia 7 June 1877 30 January 1950 Composer
John Gould Fletcher United States 3 January 1886 10 May 1950 Poet Selected Poems
Ernest Haycox United States 1 October 1899 13 October 1950 Author of Western fiction
John Rippiner Heath United Kingdom 4 January 1887 23 December 1950 Doctor, musician, composer Three Macedonian Sketches
William Hovgaard Denmark
United States 		28 November 1857 5 January 1950 Professor, Writer Submarine Boats, The Voyages Of The Norsemen To America
Heydar Huseynov Azerbaijan 3 April 1908 15 August 1950 Philosopher Dialectical Materialism
Rex Ingram United States 15 January 1892 2 July 1950 Film director, producer, writer and actor The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Prisoner of Zenda
George Cecil Ives United Kingdom 1 October 1867 4 June 1950 Writer, penal reformer English Prisons Today
Émile Jaques-Dalcroze  Switzerland 6 July 1865 1 July 1950 Composer, music educator
Johannes V. Jensen Denmark 20 January 1873 25 November 1950 Author The Long Journey
Charles L. Johnson United States 3 December 1876 28 December 1950 Composer
Al Jolson United States 26 May 1886 23 October 1950 Songwriter
Eddie Kilfeather United States 5 April 1900 13 January 1950 Composer
Alfred Korzybski Russian Empire
United States 		3 July 1879 1 March 1950 Engineer and founder of Institute of General Semantics Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics
Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky Russia 11 February 1887 28 December 1950 Writer
Harold Laski United Kingdom 30 June 1893 24 March 1950 Political theorist, economist A Grammar of Politics
Harry Lauder United Kingdom 4 August 1870 26 February 1950 Comedian, Singer/songwriter Roamin' in the Gloamin'
Lilian Sophia Locke Australia 6 June 1869 1 July 1950 Suffragette & Trade-unionist Secretary of the United Council for Woman's Suffrage, 1890s
Heinrich Mann Germany 27 March 1871 11 March 1950 Writer Professor Unrat
Edgar Lee Masters United States 23 August 1868 5 March 1950 Writer Spoon River Anthology
F. O. Matthiessen United States 19 February 1902 1 April 1950 literary critic American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman
Marcel Mauss France 10 May 1872 10 February 1950 Sociologist The Gift
Ernest John Moeran United Kingdom 31 December 1894 1 December 1950 Composer
Alfred Edward Moffat United Kingdom 4 December 1863 6 June 1950 Composer, collector of music Meister-Schule der alten Zeit
Edna St Vincent Millay United States 22 February 1892 19 October 1950 Poet, playwright Renascence
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Egypt 11 July 1898 16 January 1950 Theoretical physicist
Lewis Muir United States 1881 19 January 1950 Songwriter Ragtime Cowboy Joe
Pavel Muratov Russia 3 March 1881 5 February 1950 Writer, art historian Images of Italy
Nikolai Myaskovsky Russia 20 April 1881 8 August 1950 Composer Symphony No. 6 (Myaskovsky)
Vaslav Nijinsky Russia 12 March 1889 8 April 1950 Ballet dancer and choreographer Diary
George Orwell United Kingdom 25 June 1903 21 January 1950 Journalist and author Animal Farm, Nineteen Eighty-Four, and other works
Cesare Pavese Italy 9 September 1908 27 August 1950 Writer, translator The Moon and the Bonfires
Max Pemberton United Kingdom 19 June 1863 22 February 1950 Novelist of adventure and mystery literature
Octávio Pinto Brazil 3 November 1890 31 October 1944 Composer, architect
Ernest Poole United States 23 January 1880 10 January 1950 Writer His Family
Gustaf John Ramstedt Russian Empire
Finland
 22 October 1873 25 November 1950 Explorer, linguist, diplomat Seitsemän retkeä itään
R. R. Ryan United Kingdom 14 December 1882 18 October 1950 Author
Eliel Saarinen Russian Empire
Finland
United States 		20 August 1873 1 July 1950 Architect Works
Rafael Sabatini Italy
United Kingdom 		29 April 1875 13 February 1950 Writer The Sea Hawk, Scaramouche, The Odissey of Captain Blood, Bellarion the Fortunate
Theophrastos Sakellaridis Greece 7 September 1883 2 January 1950 Composer, conductor Ο Βαφτιστικός
Guðjón Samúelsson Iceland 16 April 1887 25 April 1950 Architect Hallgrímskirkja, National Theatre of Iceland, Akureyrarkirkja
Joseph Schumpeter Austria 8 February 1883 8 January 1950 Economist Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Milton Schwarzwald United States 16 September 1891 2 March 1950 Director, composer
George Bernard Shaw United Kingdom
Ireland 		26 July 1856 2 November 1950 Writer Man and Superman, Pygmalion, Saint Joan
Adaline Shepherd United States 19 August 1883 12 March 1950 Composer
Forrest Shreve United States 8 July 1878 19 July 1950 Botanist Works
Martinus Sieveking Netherlands 24 March 1867 26 November 1950 Composer, music teacher
Jan Smuts South Africa 24 May 1870 11 September 1950 Statesman, military leader, and philosopher Holism and Evolution
John M. Stahl United States 21 January 1886 12 January 1950 Film Director and Producer Father Was a Fullback
Olaf Stapledon United Kingdom 10 May 1886 6 September 1950 Philosopher and science fiction author Star Maker, Last and First Men and Odd John
Henry L. Stimson United States 21 September 1867 20 October 1950 Politician Democracy And Nationalism In Europe
Tatiana Sukhotina-Tolstaya Russia 4 October 1864 21 September 1950 Painter and memoirist
Attilio Teruzzi Italy 5 May 1882 26 April 1950 Politician Cirenaica Verde
Trilussa Italy 26 October 1871 21 December 1950 Poet Works
Orhan Veli Kanık Turkey 14 April 1914 14 November 1950 Poet Garip, Collected Poems
Xavier Villaurrutia Mexico 27 March 1903 25 December 1950 Poet, Playwright Works
Archibald P. Wavell United Kingdom 5 May 1883 24 May 1950 General Generals And Generalship
Kurt Weill Germany 2 March 1900 3 April 1950 Composer The Threepenny Opera
Yi Gwangsu South Korea 1 February 1892 25 October 1950 Writer, independence activist Heartless

United States

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Under the Copyright Term Extension Act, books published in 1935, films released in 1935, and other works published in 1935 will enter the public domain in 2031.[5] Sound recordings published in 1930 and unpublished works whose authors died in 1960 will also enter the public domain.

Notable films that will enter the public domain in 2031 include Best Picture Academy Award winner Mutiny on the Bounty starring Clark Gable and Charles Laughton, Alfred Hitchcock's The 39 Steps, John Ford's The Informer with Victor McLaglen, Busby Berkeley's Gold Diggers of 1935, Max Reinhardt's adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream with Olivia de Havilland and James Cagney, Captain Blood with Errol Flynn, George Cukor's adaptation of David Copperfield with Frank Lawton, The Lives of a Bengal Lancer with Gary Cooper, Top Hat starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, the Marx Brothers comedy A Night at the Opera, Naughty Marietta with the first teaming of Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, The Little Colonel with Shirley Temple and Lionel Barrymore, Will Rogers' final films Steamboat Round the Bend and In Old Kentucky, Tumbling Tumbleweeds with Gene Autry in one of his first starring roles, Henry Fonda's film debut The Farmer Takes a Wife, Hop-Along Cassidy with William Boyd (the first film to star the title character), the musical film Metropolitan (20th Century Fox's first film under that name), the British film Scrooge (the first sound film adaptation of A Christmas Carol), the first color Mickey Mouse cartoon The Band Concert as well as the first teamings of Mickey with Donald Duck and Goofy, the Silly Symphony cartoons The Tortoise and the Hare and Three Orphan Kittens, and I Haven't Got a Hat with the debut of the first major recurring Looney Tunes character, Porky Pig.

Important literary works entering the public domain include Agatha Christie's crime novels Death in the Clouds and Three Act Tragedy, John Steinbeck's novel Tortilla Flat, Christopher Isherwood's novel Mr Norris Changes Trains, Dorothy L. Sayers' detective novel Gaudy Night introducing Lord Peter Wimsey, Georgette Heyer's novel Regency Buck, Sinclair Lewis' It Can't Happen Here, Rex Stout's The League of Frightened Men, Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie, Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa, T. E. Lawrence's autobiography Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Clifford Odets' plays Waiting for Lefty and Awake and Sing!, T. S. Eliot's play Murder in the Cathedral, and Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country in its original Japanese. The earliest appearances of the comic strip character Little Lulu will also enter the public domain.

Works of art entering the public domain include René Magritte's The Portrait and the second version of his Human Condition, Joan Miró's Metamorphosis, Pablo Picasso's Jeune Fille Endormie, and M. C. Escher's lithograph Hand with Reflecting Sphere.

Examples of notable musical works entering the public domain include the popular songs "Cheek to Cheek", "When I Grow Too Old to Dream", and "Red Sails in the Sunset"; as well as George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
  2. ^ "EU Extends Copyright Term To 70 Years | Billboard". Billboard.biz. 2011-09-12. Archived from the original on 2013-01-06. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  3. ^ "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  5. ^ Hirtle, Peter B. (3 January 2020). "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Cornell University Library Copyright Information Center. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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