List of sciurids

Clockwise from upper right, then center: American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), Smith's bush squirrel (Paraxerus cepapi), black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), marmot (Marmota), Cape ground squirrel (Geosciurus inauris), fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), Prevost's squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii), Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus), Columbian ground squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus)

Sciuridae is a family of small mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Sciuromorpha suborder. Members of this family are called sciurids, and include squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots. They are found worldwide outside of Australia and Antarctica, primarily in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in wetlands, deserts, or rocky areas. They range in size from the lesser pygmy flying squirrel, at 6 cm (2 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail, to the Olympic marmot, at 75 cm (30 in) plus a 24 cm (9 in) tail. Sciurids primarily feed on fruit, seeds, and nuts, though many species also eat insects, fungi, bark, eggs, and small vertebrates. Almost no sciurids have population estimates, though fifteen species are categorized as endangered species and three—the Namdapha flying squirrel, Vancouver Island marmot, and speckled ground squirrel—are categorized as critically endangered.

The 284 extant species of Sciuridae are divided into five subfamilies: Callosciurinae, containing 67 species of Asian squirrels in 14 genera; Ratufinae, containing four species of giant squirrels in a single genus; Sciurillinae, containing only the neotropical pygmy squirrel; Sciurinae, containing 84 species of flying squirrel and tree squirrels in 20 genera; and Xerinae, containing 128 species of marmots, chipmunks, prairie dogs, and ground squirrels in 24 genera. A few extinct prehistoric sciurid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (3 species)
EN	Endangered (15 species)
VU	Vulnerable (14 species)
NT	Near threatened (24 species)
LC	Least concern (195 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (33 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the sciurid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

Sciuridae is a family consisting of 284 species in 60 genera. These genera are divided between five subfamilies: Callosciurinae, Ratufinae, Sciurillinae, Sciurinae, and Xerinae. Callosciurinae contains 67 species in 14 genera, Ratufinae contains four species in a single genus, Sciurillinae contains a single species, Sciurinae contains 84 species in 20 genera, and Xerinae contains 128 species in 24 genera.

Family Sciuridae

• Subfamily Callosciurinae
  • Genus Callosciurus (beautiful squirrels): fifteen species
  • Genus Dremomys (red-cheeked squirrels): six species
  • Genus Exilisciurus (pygmy squirrels): three species
  • Genus Funambulus (palm squirrels): six species
  • Genus Glyphotes (sculptor squirrel): one species
  • Genus Hyosciurus (long-nosed squirrels): two species
  • Genus Lariscus (black-striped squirrels): four species
  • Genus Menetes (Berdmore's ground squirrel): one species
  • Genus Nannosciurus (black-eared squirrel): one species
  • Genus Prosciurillus (Sulawesi tree squirrels): seven species
  • Genus Rhinosciurus (shrew-faced squirrel): one species
  • Genus Rubrisciurus (red-bellied squirrel): one species
  • Genus Sundasciurus (Sunda squirrels): fifteen species
  • Genus Tamiops (Asiatic striped squirrels): four species
• Subfamily Ratufinae
  • Genus Ratufa (giant squirrels): four species
• Subfamily Sciurillinae
  • Genus Sciurillus (neotropical pygmy squirrel): one species
• Subfamily Sciurinae
  • Genus Aeretes (groove-toothed flying squirrel): one species
  • Genus Aeromys (large black flying squirrels): two species
  • Genus Belomys (hairy-footed flying squirrel): one species
  • Genus Biswamoyopterus (Indochinese giant flying squirrels): two species
  • Genus Eoglaucomys (Kashmir flying squirrel): one species
  • Genus Eupetaurus (western woolly flying squirrel): one species
  • Genus Glaucomys (New World flying squirrels): two species
  • Genus Hylopetes (arrow-tailed flying squirrels): nine species
  • Genus Iomys (Horsfield's flying squirrels (Iomys)s): two species
  • Genus Microsciurus (dwarf squirrels): four species
  • Genus Petaurillus (pygmy flying squirrels): three species
  • Genus Petaurista (giant flying squirrels): ten species
  • Genus Petinomys (dwarf flying squirrels): eight species
  • Genus Pteromys (Old World flying squirrels): two species
  • Genus Pteromyscus (smoky flying squirrel): one species
  • Genus Rheithrosciurus (tufted ground squirrel): one species
  • Genus Sciurus (tree squirrels): twenty-nine species
  • Genus Syntheosciurus (Bangs's mountain squirrel): one species
  • Genus Tamiasciurus (American pine squirrels): three species
  • Genus Trogopterus (complex-toothed flying squirrel): one species

• Subfamily Xerinae
  • Genus Ammospermophilus (antelope squirrels): four species
  • Genus Atlantoxerus (Barbary ground squirrel): one species
  • Genus Callospermophilus (golden-mantled ground squirrels): three species
  • Genus Cynomys (prairie dogs): five species
  • Genus Epixerus (Ebian's palm squirrel): one species
  • Genus Eutamias (Siberian chipmunk): one species
  • Genus Funisciurus (rope squirrels): ten species
  • Genus Heliosciurus (sun squirrels): six species
  • Genus Ictidomys (lined ground squirrels): two species
  • Genus Marmota (marmots): fourteen species
  • Genus Myosciurus (African pygmy squirrel): one species
  • Genus Neotamias (chipmunks): twenty-three species
  • Genus Notocitellus (tropical ground squirrels): two species
  • Genus Otospermophilus (American rock squirrels): two species
  • Genus Paraxerus (African bush squirrels): eleven species
  • Genus Poliocitellus (Franklin's ground squirrel): one species
  • Genus Protoxerus (African giant squirrels): two species
  • Genus Sciurotamias (Chinese rock squirrels): two species
  • Genus Spermophilopsis (long-clawed ground squirrel): one species
  • Genus Spermophilus (Holarctic ground squirrels): fifteen species
  • Genus Tamias (eastern chipmunk): one species
  • Genus Urocitellus (ground squirrels): twelve species
  • Genus Xerospermophilus (desert ground squirrels): four species
  • Genus Xerus (unstriped ground squirrels): four species

Sciurids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.

Subfamily Callosciurinae

Main article: Callosciurinae

Genus Callosciurus – Gray, 1867 – fifteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Anderson's squirrel	C. quinquestriatus (Anderson, 1871) Two subspecies C. q. imarius C. q. quinquestriatus	Southern China and Myanmar	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 18–21 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Black-striped squirrel	C. nigrovittatus (Horsfield, 1823) Four subspecies C. n. bilimitatus C. n. bocki C. n. klossi C. n. nigrovittatus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Borneo black-banded squirrel	C. orestes (Thomas, 1895)	Northern Borneo	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Ear-spot squirrel	C. adamsi (Kloss, 1921)	Borneo	Size: 15–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	NT  Unknown
Finlayson's squirrel	C. finlaysonii (Horsfield, 1823) Sixteen subspecies C. f. albivexilli C. f. annellatus C. f. bocourti C. f. boonsongi C. f. cinnamomeus C. f. ferrugineus C. f. finlaysonii C. f. folletti C. f. frandseni C. f. germaini C. f. harmandi C. f. menamicus C. f. nox C. f. sinistralis C. f. trotteri C. f. williamsoni	Southeastern Asia	Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Grey-bellied squirrel	C. caniceps (Gray, 1842) Six subspecies C. c. adangensis C. c. bimaculatus C. c. caniceps C. c. casensis C. c. concolor C. c. domelicus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 21–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 22–24 cm (9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Inornate squirrel	C. inornatus (Gray, 1867)	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 17–21 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Irrawaddy squirrel	C. pygerythrus (Geoffroy, 1831) Seven subspecies C. p. blythii C. p. janetta C. p. lokroides C. p. mearsi C. p. owensi C. p. pygerythrus C. p. stevensi	Southern Asia	Size: 18–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 11–22 cm (4–9 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Kinabalu squirrel	C. baluensis (Bonhote, 1901)	Malaysia	Size: 23–24 cm (9 in) long, plus 24–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Kloss's squirrel	C. albescens (Bonhote, 1901)	Indonesia	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 17–19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	DD  Unknown
Mentawai squirrel	C. melanogaster (Thomas, 1895) Three subspecies C. m. atratus C. m. melanogaster C. m. mentawi	Indonesia	Size: About 21 cm (8 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	VU  Unknown
Pallas's squirrel	C. erythraeus (Pallas, 1779) 26 subspecies C. e. atrodorsalis C. e. bartoni C. e. bhutanensis C. e. bonhotei C. e. castaneoventris C. e. erythraeus C. e. erythrogaster C. e. flavimanus C. e. gloveri C. e. gordoni C. e. griseimanus C. e. harringtoni C. e. hendeei C. e. hyperythrus C. e. intermedius C. e. michianus C. e. ningpoensis C. e. pranis C. e. rubeculus C. e. shanicus C. e. siamensis C. e. sladeni C. e. styani C. e. thai C. e. thaiwanensis C. e. zimmeensis	Southeastern and eastern Asia	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 17–27 cm (7–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Phayre's squirrel	C. phayrei (Blyth, 1856)	Southern China and Myanmar	Size: 21–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 20–25 cm (8–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Plantain squirrel	C. notatus (Boddaert, 1785) Five subspecies C. n. diardii C. n. miniatus C. n. notatus C. n. suffusus C. n. vittatus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 17–19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Prevost's squirrel	C. prevostii (Desmarest, 1822) Six subspecies C. p. atricapillus C. p. melanops C. p. piceus C. p. prevostii C. p. rafflesii C. p. sarawakensis	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 24 cm (9 in) long, plus about 23 cm (9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggsname="IUCNPrevostssquirrel"/>	LC  Unknown

Genus Dremomys – Heude, 1898 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Asian red-cheeked squirrel	D. rufigenis (Blanford, 1878) Five subspecies D. r. adamsoni D. r. belfieldi D. r. fuscus D. r. ornatus D. r. rufigenis	Southeastern and eastern Asia	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown
Bornean mountain ground squirrel	D. everetti (Thomas, 1890)	Borneo	Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown
Orange-bellied Himalayan squirrel	D. lokriah (Hodgson, 1836) Five subspecies D. l. garonum D. l. lokriah D. l. macmillani D. l. motuoensis D. l. pagus	Southern Asia	Size: 16–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 13–22 cm (5–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown
Perny's long-nosed squirrel	D. pernyi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1867) Six subspecies D. p. flavior D. p. howelli D. p. imus D. p. owstoni D. p. pernyi D. p. senex	Eastern Asia	Size: 17–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown
Red-hipped squirrel	D. pyrrhomerus (Thomas, 1895) Two subspecies D. p. pyrrhomerus D. p. riudonensis	China and Vietnam	Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown
Red-throated squirrel	D. gularis Osgood, 1932	China and Vietnam	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, vegetation, and insects	DD  Unknown

Genus Exilisciurus – Moore, 1958 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Least pygmy squirrel	E. exilis (Müller, 1838)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Vegetation and insects	DD  Unknown
Philippine pygmy squirrel	E. concinnus (Thomas, 1888)	Philippines	Size: About 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Vegetation and insects	LC  Unknown
Tufted pygmy squirrel	E. whiteheadi (Thomas, 1887)	Borneo	Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Vegetation and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Funambulus – Lesson, 1835 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Dusky striped squirrel	F. obscurus (Pelzeln & Kohl, 1886)	Sri Lanka	Size: 10–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	VU  Unknown
Indian palm squirrel	F. palmarum (Linnaeus, 1766) Three subspecies F. p. brodiei F. p. palmarum F. p. robertsoni	India and Sri Lanka	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	LC  Unknown
Jungle palm squirrel	F. tristriatus (Waterhouse, 1837) Two subspecies F. t. numarius F. t. tristriatus	India	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	LC  Unknown
Layard's palm squirrel	F. layardi (Blyth, 1849) Two subspecies F. l. dravidianus F. l. layardi	Sri Lanka	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	VU  Unknown
Nilgiri striped squirrel	F. sublineatus (Waterhouse, 1838) Two subspecies F. s. obscurus F. s. sublineatus	India	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	VU  Unknown
Northern palm squirrel	F. pennantii Wroughton, 1905 Two subspecies F. p. argentescens F. p. pennantii	Southern Asia	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–14 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, bark, buds, leaves, flowers, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Glyphotes – Thomas, 1898 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Sculptor squirrel	G. simus Thomas, 1898	Borneo	Size: 9–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, vegetation, insects, and eggs	DD  Unknown

Genus Hyosciurus – Archbold & Tate, 1935 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Lowland long-nosed squirrel	H. ileile Archbold & Tate, 1936	Indonesia	Size: 21–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, and insects	LC  Unknown
Montane long-nosed squirrel	H. heinrichi Archbold & Tate, 1935	Indonesia	Size: 19–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Lariscus – Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Four-striped ground squirrel	L. hosei (Thomas, 1892)	Borneo	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 9 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown
Mentawai three-striped squirrel	L. obscurus (Miller, 1903) Three subspecies L. o. auroreus L. o. obscurus L. o. siberu	Indonesia	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and nuts	NT  Unknown
Niobe ground squirrel	L. niobe (Thomas, 1892) Two subspecies L. n. niobe L. n. vulcanus	Indonesia	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and nuts	DD  Unknown
Three-striped ground squirrel	L. insignis (F. Cuvier, 1821) Five subspecies L. i. diversus L. i. insignis L. i. javanus L. i. peninsulae L. i. rostratus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown

Genus Menetes – Thomas, 1908 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Berdmore's ground squirrel	M. berdmorei (Blyth, 1849) Seven subspecies M. b. berdmorei M. b. consularis M. b. decoratus M. b. moerescens M. b. mouhotei M. b. peninsularis M. b. pyrrocephalus	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 18 cm (7 in) long, plus 13–14 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown

Genus Nannosciurus – Trouessart, 1880 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-eared squirrel	N. melanotis (Müller, 1840) Four subspecies N. m. bancanus N. m. borneanus N. m. melanotis N. m. pulcher	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown

Genus Prosciurillus – Ellerman, 1947 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alston's Sulawesi dwarf squirrel	P. alstoni Anderson, 1879	Indonesia	Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	NT  Unknown
Roux's Sulawesi dwarf squirrel	P. topapuensis Roux, 1910	Indonesia	Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	NT  Unknown
Celebes dwarf squirrel	P. murinus (Müller & Schlegel, 1844) Three subspecies P. m. griseus P. m. murinus P. m. necopinus	Indonesia	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 5–12 cm (2–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	LC  Unknown
Sanghir squirrel	P. rosenbergii (Jentink, 1879)	Indonesia and Philippines	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	EN  Unknown
Secretive dwarf squirrel	P. abstrusus Moore, 1958	Indonesia	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	NT  Unknown
Weber's dwarf squirrel	P. weberi (Jentink, 1890)	Indonesia	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 14 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	VU  Unknown
Whitish dwarf squirrel	P. leucomus (Müller & Schlegel, 1844) Four subspecies P. l. hirsutus P. l. leucomus P. l. occidentalis P. l. tonkeanus	Indonesia	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 14–19 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	LC  Unknown

Genus Rhinosciurus – Blyth, 1856 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Shrew-faced squirrel	R. laticaudatus (Müller, 1840) Three subspecies R. l. alacris R. l. laticaudatus R. l. saturatus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 11–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Insects and earthworms, as well as fruit	NT  Unknown

Genus Rubrisciurus – Ellerman, 1954 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Red-bellied squirrel	R. rubriventer (Müller & Schlegel, 1844)	Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia	Size: 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long, plus 18–25 cm (7–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds	LC  Unknown

Genus Sundasciurus – Moore, 1958 – fifteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Brooke's squirrel	S. brookei (Thomas, 1892)	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Busuanga squirrel	S. hoogstraali (Sanborn, 1952)	Philippines	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 16–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Culion tree squirrel	S. moellendorffi (Matschie, 1898)	Philippines	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	NT  Unknown
Davao squirrel	S. davensis (Sanborn, 1952)	Philippines	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	DD  Unknown
Fraternal squirrel	S. fraterculus (Thomas, 1895)	Indonesia	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 7–8 cm (3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	VU  Unknown
Horse-tailed squirrel	S. hippurus (Geoffroy, 1831) Five subspecies S. h. borneensis S. h. hippurosus S. h. hippurus S. h. ornatus S. h. pryeri	Southeastern Asia	Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	NT  Unknown
Jentink's squirrel	S. jentinki (Thomas, 1887)	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Low's squirrel	S. lowii (Thomas, 1892) Seven subspecies S. l. balae S. l. bangueyae S. l. humilis S. l. lowii S. l. natunensis S. l. robinsoni S. l. seimundi	Southeastern Asia	Size: 12–17 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Mindanao squirrel	S. mindanensis (Steere, 1890)	Philippines	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Northern Palawan tree squirrel	S. juvencus (Thomas, 1908)	Philippines	Size: 19–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 15–18 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Palawan montane squirrel	S. rabori Heaney, 1979	Philippines	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 13–14 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	DD  Unknown
Philippine tree squirrel	S. philippinensis (Waterhouse, 1839)	Philippines	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Samar squirrel	S. samarensis (Steere, 1890)	Philippines	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Slender squirrel	S. tenuis (Horsfield, 1824) Five subspecies S. t. bancarus S. t. modestus S. t. parvus S. t. procerus S. t. tenuis	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Southern Palawan tree squirrel	S. steerii (Günther, 1877)	Philippines	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and vegetation, as well as insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Tamiops – Allen, 1906 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Cambodian striped squirrel	T. rodolphii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1867) Two subspecies T. r. elbeli T. r. rodolphii	Southeastern Asia	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, and insects	LC  Unknown
Himalayan striped squirrel	T. mcclellandii (Horsfield, 1840) Six subspecies T. m. barbei T. m. collinus T. m. inconstans T. m. kongensis T. m. leucotis T. m. mcclellandii	Southeastern Asia	Size: 11–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, and insects	LC  Unknown
Maritime striped squirrel	T. maritimus (Bonhote, 1900) Four subspecies T. m. hainanus T. m. maritimus T. m. moi T. m. monticolus	Southeastern and eastern Asia	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, and insects	LC  Unknown
Swinhoe's striped squirrel	T. swinhoei (H. Milne-Edwards, 1874) Four subspecies T. s. olivaceus T. s. spencei T. s. swinhoei T. s. vestitus	China and southeastern Asia	Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 10 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit, nuts, seeds, and insects	LC  Unknown

Subfamily Ratufinae

Main article: Ratufinae

Genus Ratufa – Gray, 1867 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black giant squirrel	R. bicolor (Sparrman, 1778) Ten subspecies R. b. bicolor R. b. condorensis R. b. felli R. b. gigantea R. b. hainana R. b. leucogenys R. b. melanopepla R. b. palliata R. b. phaeopepla R. b. smithi	Southeastern Asia	Size: 33–36 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 41–42 cm (16–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, insects, and eggs	NT  Unknown
Cream-coloured giant squirrel	R. affinis (Raffles, 1821) Nine subspecies R. a. affinis R. a. bancana R. a. baramensis R. a. bunguranensis R. a. cothurnata R. a. ephippium R. a. hypoleucos R. a. insignis R. a. polia	Southeastern Asia	Size: 33–34 cm (13 in) long, plus 41–42 cm (16–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, insects, and eggs	NT  Unknown
Grizzled giant squirrel	R. macroura (Pennant, 1769) Three subspecies R. m. dandolena R. m. macroura R. m. melanochra	Southern India and Sri Lanka	Size: 32–40 cm (13–16 in) long, plus 35–36 cm (14 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, insects, and eggs	NT  Unknown
Indian giant squirrel	R. indica (Erxleben, 1777) Four subspecies R. i. centralis R. i. dealbata R. i. indica R. i. maxima	India	Size: 34–45 cm (13–18 in) long, plus 38–49 cm (15–19 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown

Subfamily Sciurillinae

Main article: Sciurillinae

Genus Sciurillus – Thomas, 1914 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Neotropical pygmy squirrel	S. pusillus (Geoffroy, 1803) Three subspecies S. p. glaucinus S. p. kuhlii S. p. pusillus	Northern South America	Size: 8–12 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, bark, and resin	LC  Unknown

Subfamily Sciurinae

Main article: Sciurinae

Genus Aeretes – Allen, 1940 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Groove-toothed flying squirrel	A. melanopterus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1867) Two subspecies A. m. melanopterus A. m. szechuanensis	Central China	Size: 27–35 cm (11–14 in) long, plus 27–36 cm (11–14 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Aeromys – Robinson & Kloss, 1915 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black flying squirrel	A. tephromelas (Günther, 1873) Two subspecies A. t. phaeomelas A. t. tephromelas	Southeastern Asia	Size: 37–38 cm (15 in) long, plus 39–44 cm (15–17 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, leaves, and insects	DD  Unknown
Thomas's flying squirrel	A. thomasi (Hose, 1900)	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 37–41 cm (15–16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, leaves, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Belomys – Thomas, 1908 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-footed flying squirrel	B. pearsonii (Gray, 1842) Two subspecies B. p. blandus B. p. pearsonii	Eastern and Southeastern Asia	Size: 18–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	DD  Unknown

Genus Biswamoyopterus – Saha, 1981 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Laotian giant flying squirrel	B. laoensis Sanamxay, Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Xayavong, Xayaphet, Satasook, & Bates, 2013	Laos	Size: About 46 cm (18 in) long, plus about 62 cm (24 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown	DD  Unknown
Namdapha flying squirrel	B. biswasi Saha, 1981	Eastern India	Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus about 60 cm (24 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Unknown	CR  Unknown

Genus Eoglaucomys – Howell, 1915 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Kashmir flying squirrel	E. fimbriatus (Gray, 1837) Two subspecies E. f. baberi E. f. fimbriatus	Central Asia	Size: 23–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, as well as shoots, buds, leaves, and nuts	LC  Unknown

Genus Eupetaurus – Thomas, 1888 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Western woolly flying squirrel	E. cinereus Thomas, 1888	Western China	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 38–54 cm (15–21 in) tail Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves Diet: Moss and lichen	EN  1,000–3,000

Genus Glaucomys – Thomas, 1908 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Northern flying squirrel	G. sabrinus (Shaw, 1801) 25 subspecies G. s. alpinus G. s. bangsi G. s. californicus G. s. canescens G. s. coloratus G. s. columbiensis G. s. flaviventris G. s. fuliginosus G. s. fuscus G. s. goodwini G. s. gouldi G. s. griseifrons (Prince of Wales flying squirrel) G. s. klamathensis G. s. lascivus G. s. latipes G. s. lucifugus G. s. macrotis G. s. makkovikensis G. s. murinauralis G. s. oregonensis G. s. reductus G. s. sabrinus G. s. stephensi G. s. yukonensis G. s. zaphaeus	Canada and northern United States	Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, bark, lichen, fungi, fruit, and berries, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Southern flying squirrel	G. volans (Linnaeus, 1758) Eleven subspecies G. v. chontali G. v. goldmani G. v. guerreroensis G. v. herreranus G. v. madrensis G. v. oaxacensis G. v. querceti G. v. saturatus G. v. texensis G. v. underwoodi G. v. volans	Eastern North America	Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, bark, lichen, fungi, fruit, and berries, as well as insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Hylopetes – Thomas, 1908 – nine species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Arrow flying squirrel	H. sagitta (Linnaeus, 1766)	Indonesia	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	DD  Unknown
Bartel's flying squirrel	H. bartelsi Chasen, 1939	Indonesia	Size: 13–20 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	DD  Unknown
Indochinese flying squirrel	H. phayrei (Blyth, 1859) Two subspecies H. p. electilis H. p. phayrei	Southeastern Asia	Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 12–18 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	LC  Unknown
Jentink's flying squirrel	H. platyurus Jentink, 1890	Southeastern Asia	Size: 11–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	DD  Unknown
Palawan flying squirrel	H. nigripes (Thomas, 1893) Two subspecies H. n. elassodontus H. n. nigripes	Philippines	Size: 25–33 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 25–31 cm (10–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	NT  Unknown
Particolored flying squirrel	H. alboniger (Hodgson, 1836) Three subspecies H. a. alboniger H. a. chianfengensis H. a. orinus	Eastern and southeastern Asia	Size: 17–25 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 18–23 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	LC  Unknown
Red-cheeked flying squirrel	H. spadiceus (Blyth, 1847) Two subspecies H. s. caroli H. s. spadiceus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 13–19 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 10–17 cm (4–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	LC  Unknown
Sipora flying squirrel	H. sipora Chasen, 1940	Indonesia	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	EN  Unknown
Sumatran flying squirrel	H. winstoni (Sody, 1949)	Indonesia	Size: About 14 cm (6 in) long, plus about 14 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, shoots, leaves, fruit, insects, and small snakes	DD  Unknown

Genus Iomys – Thomas, 1908 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Javanese flying squirrel	I. horsfieldii (Waterhouse, 1838) Four subspecies I. h. davisoni I. h. horsfieldii I. h. penangensis I. h. thomsoni	Southeastern Asia	Size: 16–23 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	LC  Unknown
Mentawi flying squirrel	I. sipora Chasen & Kloss, 1928	Indonesia	Size: 17–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 17–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	EN  Unknown

Genus Microsciurus – Allen, 1895 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon dwarf squirrel	M. flaviventer (Gray, 1867) Eight subspecies M. f. flaviventer M. f. napi M. f. otinus M. f. peruanus M. f. rubrirostris M. f. sabanillae M. f. similis M. f. simonsi	Northwestern South America	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown
Central American dwarf squirrel	M. alfari (Allen, 1895) Six subspecies M. a. alfari M. a. alticola M. a. browni M. a. fusculus M. a. septentrionalis M. a. venustulus	Central America and northern South America	Size: 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown
Santander dwarf squirrel	M. santanderensis (Hernández-Camacho, 1957)	Northern South America	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	DD  Unknown
Western dwarf squirrel	M. mimulus (Thomas, 1898) Three subspecies M. m. boquetensis M. m. isthmius M. m. mimulus	Central America and northern South America	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	LC  Unknown

Genus Petaurillus – Thomas, 1908 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Hose's pygmy flying squirrel	P. hosei (Thomas, 1900)	Island of Borneo	Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	DD  Unknown
Lesser pygmy flying squirrel	P. emiliae Thomas, 1908	Borneo	Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	DD  Unknown
Selangor pygmy flying squirrel	P. kinlochii (Chasen & Kloss, 1928)	Malaysia	Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	DD  Unknown

Genus Petaurista – Link, 1795 – ten species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bhutan giant flying squirrel	P. nobilis (Gray, 1842) Two subspecies P. n. nobilis P. n. singhei	Bhutan and Nepal	Size: 35–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 38–49 cm (15–19 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	NT  Unknown
Chinese giant flying squirrel	P. xanthotis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1872)	Central China	Size: 32–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Hodgson's giant flying squirrel	P. magnificus (Hodgson, 1836)	Central Asia	Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 41–55 cm (16–22 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Indian giant flying squirrel	P. philippensis (Elliot, 1839) Seven subspecies P. p. annamensis P. p. cineraceus P. p. grandis P. p. lylei P. p. mergulus P. p. philippensis P. p. yunanensis	Southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia	Size: 38–61 cm (15–24 in) long, plus 48–69 cm (19–27 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Japanese giant flying squirrel	P. leucogenys Temminck, 1827 Four subspecies P. l. hintoni P. l. leucogenys P. l. nikkonis P. l. oreas	Japan	Size: 27–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 28–41 cm (11–16 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Mechuka giant flying squirrel	P. mechukaensis Choudhury, 2009	Northeastern India	Size: 46–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 52–77 cm (20–30 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	NT  Unknown
Mishmi giant flying squirrel	P. mishmiensis Choudhury, 2009	Northeastern India	Size: 40–59 cm (16–23 in) long, plus 57–60 cm (22–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	NT  Unknown
Red and white giant flying squirrel	P. alborufus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1870) Five subspecies P. a. alborufus P. a. castaneus P. a. lena P. a. leucocephalus P. a. ochraspis	China and Taiwan	Size: 35–58 cm (14–23 in) long, plus 40–61 cm (16–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest and rocky areas Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Red giant flying squirrel	P. petaurista (Pallas, 1766) Eighteen subspecies P. p. albiventer P. p. batuana P. p. candidula P. p. cicur P. p. interceptio P. p. lumholtzi P. p. marchio P. p. melanotus P. p. nigrescens P. p. nigricaudatus P. p. nitidula P. p. penangensis P. p. petaurista P. p. rajah P. p. rufipes P. p. stellaris P. p. taylori P. p. terutaus	Southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia	Size: 28–52 cm (11–20 in) long, plus 34–63 cm (13–25 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown
Spotted giant flying squirrel	P. elegans (Müller, 1840) Seven subspecies P. e. banksi P. e. caniceps P. e. elegans P. e. marica P. e. punctatus P. e. sumatrana P. e. sybilla	Southeastern Asia	Size: Unknown Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, nuts, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Petinomys – Thomas, 1908 – eight species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Basilan flying squirrel	P. crinitus (Hollister, 1911)	Philippines	Size: About 31 cm (12 in) long, plus about 26 cm (10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	LC  Unknown
Hagen's flying squirrel	P. hageni (Jentink, 1888)	Indonesia	Size: 23–28 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	DD  Unknown
Mindanao flying squirrel	P. mindanensis Rabor, 1939	Philippines	Size: 32–37 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 34–46 cm (13–18 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	LC  Unknown
Siberut flying squirrel	P. lugens (Thomas, 1895)	Indonesia	Size: 23–28 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 21–23 cm (8–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	VU  Unknown
Temminck's flying squirrel	P. setosus (Temminck, 1844)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	VU  Unknown
Travancore flying squirrel	P. fuscocapillus (Jerdon, 1847)	Southern India	Size: 18–34 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 24–29 cm (9–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	LC  Unknown
Vordermann's flying squirrel	P. vordermanni (Jentink, 1890)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 9–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	VU  Unknown
Whiskered flying squirrel	P. genibarbis (Horsfield, 1822)	Indonesia and Malaysia	Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, and leaves, as well as bark and insects	VU  Unknown

Genus Pteromys – Cuvier, 1800 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel	P. momonga Temminck, 1844	Japan	Size: 14–20 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, pine seeds, buds, bark, fruit, and insects	LC  Unknown
Siberian flying squirrel	P. volans (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies P. v. athene P. v. buechneri P. v. orii (Ezo flying squirrel) P. v. volans	Northern Asia and northern Europe	Size: 12–23 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, pine seeds, buds, bark, fruit, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Pteromyscus – Thomas, 1908 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Smoky flying squirrel	P. pulverulentus (Günther, 1873) Two subspecies P. p. borneanus P. p. pulverulentus	Southeastern Asia	Size: 20–29 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 17–23 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, fruit, twigs, shoots, leaves, bark and insects	EN  Unknown

Genus Rheithrosciurus – Gray, 1867 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Tufted ground squirrel	R. macrotis (Gray, 1856)	Borneo	Size: 33–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 30–34 cm (12–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and nuts	VU  Unknown

Genus Sciurus – Linnaeus, 1758 – 29 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Abert's squirrel	S. aberti Woodhouse, 1853 Six subspecies S. a. aberti S. a. barberi S. a. chuscensis S. a. durangi S. a. ferreus S. a. kaibabensis (Kaibab squirrel)	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 26–27 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 21–22 cm (8–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Allen's squirrel	S. alleni Nelson, 1898	Mexico	Size: 22–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Andean squirrel	S. pucheranii (Fitzinger, 1867) Three subspecies S. p. caucensis S. p. medellinensis S. p. pucheranii	Northwestern South America	Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Arizona gray squirrel	S. arizonensis Coues, 1867 Three subspecies S. a. arizonensis S. a. catalinae S. a. huachuca	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 25–26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Bolivian squirrel	S. ignitus (Gray, 1867) Five subspecies S. i. argentinius S. i. boliviensis S. i. cabrerai S. i. ignitus S. i. irroratus	Western South America	Size: 14–22 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Brazilian squirrel	S. aestuans Linnaeus, 1766 Ten subspecies S. a. aestuans S. a. alphonsei S. a. garbei S. a. georgihernandezi S. a. henseli S. a. ingrami S. a. macconnelli S. a. poaiae S. a. quelchii S. a. venustus	South America	Size: 16–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–25 cm (6–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Calabrian black squirrel	S. meridionalis Lucifero, 1907	Southern Italy	Size: Unknown Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	NT  Unknown
Caucasian squirrel	S. anomalus Gmelin, 1778 Three subspecies S. a. anomalus S. a. pallescens S. a. syriacus	Western Asia	Size: 19–25 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Collie's squirrel	S. colliaei Richardson, 1839 Four subspecies S. c. colliaei S. c. nuchalis S. c. sinaloensis S. c. truei	Western Mexico	Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Deppe's squirrel	S. deppei Peters, 1863 Five subspecies S. d. deppei S. d. matagalpae S. d. miravallensis S. d. negligens S. d. vivax	Southern Mexico and Centrla America	Size: About 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 17–18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Eastern gray squirrel	S. carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 Five subspecies S. c. carolinensis (Carolina gray squirrel) S. c. extimus (Florida gray squirrel) S. c. fuliginosus (Louisiana gray squirrel) S. c. hypophaeus (Merriam's gray squirrel) S. c. pennsylvanicus (Pennsylvania gray squirrel)	Canada and eastern United States	Size: 20–31 cm (8–12 in) long, plus 15–25 cm (6–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Fiery squirrel	S. flammifer Thomas, 1904	Venezuela	Size: 27–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 24–31 cm (9–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Fox squirrel	S. niger Linnaeus, 1758 Ten subspecies S. n. avicinnia (Mangrove fox squirrel) S. n. bachmani (Upland fox squirrel) S. n. cinereus (Delmarva fox squirrel) S. n. limitis (Texas fox squirrel) S. n. ludovicianus (Pineywoods fox squirrel) S. n. niger (Southern fox squirrel) S. n. rufiventer (Western fox squirrel) S. n. shermani (Sherman's fox squirrel) S. n. subauratus (Delta fox squirrel) S. n. vulpinus (Eastern fox squirrel)	Canada and United States	Size: 26–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 20–33 cm (8–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Guayaquil squirrel	S. stramineus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841	Ecuador and Peru	Size: 18–32 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Japanese squirrel	S. lis Temminck, 1844	Japan	Size: 16–22 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Junín red squirrel	S. pyrrhinus Thomas, 1898	Ecuador and Peru	Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–25 cm (8–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Mexican fox squirrel	S. nayaritensis Allen, 1890 Three subspecies S. n. apache (Apache fox squirrel) S. n. chiricahuae (Chiricahua fox squirrel) S. n. nayaritensis (Nayarit fox squirrel)	Mexico and southern United States	Size: 25–26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Mexican gray squirrel	S. aureogaster F. Cuvier, 1829 Two subspecies S. a. aureogaster S. a. nigrescens	Mexico and Guatemala	Size: 23–31 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 21–28 cm (8–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Northern Amazon red squirrel	S. igniventris Wagner, 1842 Two subspecies S. i. cocalis S. i. igniventris	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 24–29 cm (9–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Peters's squirrel	S. oculatus Peters, 1863 Three subspecies S. o. oculatus S. o. shawi S. o. tolucae	Central Mexico	Size: 51–56 cm (20–22 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Red squirrel	S. vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758 23 subspecies S. v. alpinus S. v. altaicus (Altai red squirrel) S. v. anadyrensis (Anadyr red squirrel) S. v. arcticus (Arcticai red squirrel) S. v. balcanicus (Balkan red squirrel) S. v. chiliensis S. v. cinerea S. v. dulkeiti S. v. exalbidus (Siberian red squirrel) S. v. fedjushini S. v. formosovi (Formosov's red squirrel) S. v. fuscoater (Central European red squirrel) S. v. fusconigricans (Transbaikal red squirrel) S. v. leucourus (British red squirrel) S. v. lilaeus S. v. mantchuricus (Manchurian red squirrel) S. v. martensi (West Siberian red squirrel) S. v. ognevi (Central Russian red squirrel) S. v. orientis (Japanese red squirrel) S. v. rupestris (Sakhalin red squirrel) S. v. ukrainicus (Ukrainian red squirrel) S. v. varius (Kola red squirrel) S. v. vulgaris (Scandinavian red squirrel)	Europe and Asia	Size: 21–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus 15–20 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Red-tailed squirrel	S. granatensis (Humboldt, 1811) 32 subspecies S. g. agricolae S. g. bondae S. g. candelensis S. g. carchensis S. g. chapmani S. g. chiriquensis S. g. chrysuros S. g. ferminae S. g. gerrardi S. g. granatensis S. g. griseimembra S. g. griseogena S. g. hoffmanni S. g. imbaburae S. g. llanensis S. g. manavi S. g. maracaibensis S. g. meridensis S. g. morulus S. g. nesaeus S. g. norosiensis S. g. perijae S. g. quindianus S. g. saltuensis S. g. soederstroemi S. g. splendidus S. g. sumaco S. g. tarrae S. g. valdiviae S. g. variabilis S. g. versicolor S. g. zuliae	Northwestern South America and Central America	Size: 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 14–28 cm (6–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Richmond's squirrel	S. richmondi Nelson, 1898	Nicaragua	Size: 16–22 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 13–19 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	NT  Unknown
Sanborn's squirrel	S. sanborni Osgood, 1944	Peru and Bolivia	Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Southern Amazon red squirrel	S. spadiceus Olfers, 1818 Three subspecies S. s. spadiceus S. s. steinbachi S. s. tricolor	Northwestern South America	Size: 24–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 23–34 cm (9–13 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Variegated squirrel	S. variegatoides Ogilby, 1839 Fifteen subspecies S. v. adolphei S. v. atrirufus S. v. bangsi S. v. belti S. v. boothiae S. v. dorsalis S. v. goldmani S. v. helveolus S. v. loweryi S. v. managuensis S. v. melania S. v. rigidus S. v. thomasi S. v. underwoodi S. v. variegatoides	Southern Mexico and Central America	Size: About 26 cm (10 in) long, plus 26–28 cm (10–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Western gray squirrel	S. griseus Ord, 1818 Three subspecies S. g. anthonyi S. g. griseus S. g. nigripes	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 26–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 24–31 cm (9–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown
Yellow-throated squirrel	S. gilvigularis Wagner, 1842 Two subspecies S. g. gilvigularis S. g. paraensis	Northern South America	Size: 15–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–20 cm (6–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	DD  Unknown
Yucatan squirrel	S. yucatanensis Allen, 1877 Three subspecies S. y. baliolus S. y. phaeopus S. y. yucatanensis	Southern Mexico and Central America	Size: 20–32 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 19–27 cm (7–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, buds, and tree shoots	LC  Unknown

Genus Syntheosciurus – Bangs, 1902 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bangs's mountain squirrel	S. brochus Bangs, 1902	Costa Rica and Panama	Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 12–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Flowers, buds, leaves, and sap	DD  Unknown

Genus Tamiasciurus – Trouessart, 1880 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
American red squirrel	T. hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777) 24 subspecies T. h. abieticola (Southern Appalachian red squirrel) T. h. baileyi (Bailey's red squirrel) T. h. dakotensis (Black Hills red squirrel) T. h. dixiensis T. h. fremonti T. h. grahamensis (Mount Graham red squirrel) T. h. gymnicus (Gymnastic red squirrel) T. h. hudsonicus (Wind River Mountains red squirrel) T. h. kenaiensis (Cook Inlet red squirrel) T. h. lanuginosus (Vancouver Island red squirrel) T. h. laurentianus T. h. loquax (Southern red squirrel) T. h. lychnuchus T. h. minnesota (Minnesota red squirrel) T. h. mogollonensis T. h. pallescens (North Dakota red squirrel) T. h. petulans T. h. picatus (Kupreanof red squirrel) T. h. preblei (Mackenzie red squirrel) T. h. regalis (Isle Royale red squirrel) T. h. richardsoni (Columbia red squirrel) T. h. streatori T. h. ungavensis T. h. ventorum	Canada and United States	Size: 18–19 cm (7 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, buds, fruit, bark, fungi, sap, eggs, and small vertebrates	LC  Unknown
Douglas squirrel	T. douglasii (Bachman, 1880) Two subspecies T. d. douglasii T. d. mollipilosus (Soft-haired squirrel)	Western Canada and western United States	Size: 18–19 cm (7 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, buds, fruit, bark, fungi, sap, eggs, and small vertebrates	LC  Unknown
Mearns's squirrel	T. mearnsi (Townsend, 1897)	Mexico	Size: 18–19 cm (7 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Nuts, buds, fruit, bark, fungi, sap, eggs, and small vertebrates	EN  Unknown

Genus Trogopterus – Heude, 1898 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Complex-toothed flying squirrel	T. xanthipes (H. Milne-Edwards, 1867)	Southern China	Size: 20–33 cm (8–13 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail Habitat: Forest and caves Diet: Leaves, twigs, fruit, and nuts	NT  Unknown

Subfamily Xerinae

Main article: Xerinae

Genus Ammospermophilus – Merriam, 1892 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Harris's antelope squirrel	A. harrisii (Audubon & Bachman, 1854) Two subspecies A. h. harrisii A. h. saxicolus	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 27–28 cm (11 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Desert Diet: Seeds, fruit, stems, and roots, as well as insects and carrion	LC  Unknown
San Joaquin antelope squirrel	A. nelsoni (Merriam, 1893)	Western United States	Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Seeds, fruit, stems, and roots, as well as insects and carrion	EN  Unknown
Texas antelope squirrel	A. interpres (Merriam, 1890)	Southwestern United States	Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Seeds, fruit, stems, and roots, as well as insects and carrion	LC  Unknown
White-tailed antelope squirrel	A. leucurus (Merriam, 1889) Nine subspecies A. l. canfieldiae A. l. cinamomeus A. l. escalante A. l. extimus A. l. leucurus A. l. notom A. l. peninsulae A. l. pennipes A. l. tersus	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 18–22 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 4–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Desert, shrubland, and forest Diet: Seeds, fruit, stems, and roots, as well as insects and carrion	LC  Unknown

Genus Atlantoxerus – Forsyth Major, 1893 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Barbary ground squirrel	A. getulus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northwestern Africa	Size: About 17 cm (7 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds	LC  Unknown

Genus Callospermophilus – Merriam, 1897 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel	C. saturatus (Rhoads, 1895)	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 28–31 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas, grassland, shrubland, and forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Golden-mantled ground squirrel	C. lateralis (Say, 1823)	Western United States and western Canada	Size: About 18 cm (7 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Sierra Madre ground squirrel	C. madrensis Merriam, 1901	Western Mexico	Size: 16–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	NT  Unknown

Genus Cynomys – Rafinesque, 1817 – five species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-tailed prairie dog	C. ludovicianus (Ord, 1815) Two subspecies C. l. arizonensis C. l. ludovicianus	Central North America	Size: About 37 cm (15 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Desert, grassland, and savanna Diet: Herbs and grasses	LC  Unknown
Gunnison's prairie dog	C. gunnisoni (Baird, 1855) Two subspecies C. g. gunnisoni C. g. zuniensis	Southwestern United States	Size: 31–39 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Herbs and grasses	LC  Unknown
Mexican prairie dog	C. mexicanus Merriam, 1892	Northern Mexico	Size: 38–44 cm (15–17 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Herbs and grasses	EN  Unknown
Utah prairie dog	C. parvidens Allen, 1905	Western United States	Size: 29–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Herbs and grasses	EN  Unknown
White-tailed prairie dog	C. leucurus Merriam, 1890	Western United States	Size: 35–37 cm (14–15 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Herbs and grasses	LC  Unknown

Genus Epixerus – Thomas, 1909 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ebian's palm squirrel	E. ebii (Temminck, 1853) Three subspecies E. e. ebii E. e. jonesi E. e. wilsoni	Western Africa	Size: 28–29 cm (11 in) long, plus about 28 cm (11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit as well as insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Eutamias – Trouessart, 1880 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Siberian chipmunk	E. sibiricus Laxmann, 1769	Northern and eastern Asia and Europe	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Nuts and seeds, as well as buds, berries, grains, and fungi	LC  Unknown

Genus Funisciurus – Trouessart, 1880 – ten species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Carruther's mountain squirrel	F. carruthersi Thomas, 1906 Four subspecies F. c. birungensis F. c. carruthersi F. c. chrysippus F. c. tanganyikae	Central Africa	Size: 21–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 18–19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Congo rope squirrel	F. congicus (Kuhl, 1820)	Central Africa	Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Du Chaillu's rope squirrel	F. duchaillui Sanborn, 1953	Central Africa	Size: 18–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 19–23 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	DD  Unknown
Fire-footed rope squirrel	F. pyrropus (F. Cuvier, 1833) Nine subspecies F. p. akka F. p. leonis F. p. leucostigma F. p. mandingo F. p. nigrensis F. p. niveatus F. p. pembertoni F. p. pyrropus F. p. talboti	Central and western Africa	Size: 19–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 14–16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Kintampo rope squirrel	F. substriatus De Winton, 1899	Western Africa	Size: 16–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	DD  Unknown
Lady Burton's rope squirrel	F. isabella (Gray, 1862) Two subspecies F. i. dubosti F. i. isabella	Central Africa	Size: 16–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Lunda rope squirrel	F. bayonii (Bocage, 1890)	Central Africa	Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 19–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Savanna Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	DD  Unknown
Red-cheeked rope squirrel	F. leucogenys (Waterhouse, 1842) Three subspecies F. l. auriculatus F. l. leucogenys F. l. oliviae	Central and western Africa	Size: 20–21 cm (8 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Ribboned rope squirrel	F. lemniscatus (LeConte, 1857) Two subspecies F. l. lemniscatus F. l. mayumbicus	Central Africa	Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 13–14 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown
Thomas's rope squirrel	F. anerythrus (Thomas, 1890) Four subspecies F. a. anerythrus F. a. bandarum F. a. mystax F. a. raptorum	Central and western Africa	Size: 17–18 cm (7 in) long, plus 16–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit, as well as insects and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Heliosciurus – Trouessart, 1880 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Gambian sun squirrel	H. gambianus (Ogilby, 1835) Sixteen subspecies H. g. abassensis H. g. bongensis H. g. canaster H. g. dysoni H. g. elegans H. g. gambianus H. g. hoogstraali H. g. kaffensis H. g. lateris H. g. limbatus H. g. loandicus H. g. madogae H. g. multicolor H. g. omensis H. g. rhodesiae H. g. senescens	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 20–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 23–24 cm (9 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Mutable sun squirrel	H. mutabilis (Peters, 1852) Five subspecies H. m. beirae H. m. chirindensis H. m. mutabilis H. m. shirensis H. m. vumbae	Eastern Africa	Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Red-legged sun squirrel	H. rufobrachium (Waterhouse, 1842) 22 subspecies H. r. arrhenii H. r. aubryi H. r. benga H. r. brauni H. r. caurinus H. r. coenosus H. r. emissus H. r. hardyi H. r. isabellinus H. r. keniae H. r. leakyi H. r. leonensis H. r. lualabae H. r. maculatus H. r. medjianus H. r. nyansae H. r. obfuscatus H. r. occidentalis H. r. pasha H. r. rubricatus H. r. rufobrachium H. r. semlikii	Central and western Africa	Size: 22–23 cm (9 in) long, plus 24–25 cm (9–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Ruwenzori sun squirrel	H. ruwenzorii (Schwann, 1904) Four subspecies H. r. ituriensis H. r. ruwenzorii H. r. schoutedeni H. r. vulcanius	Central Africa	Size: 21–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Small sun squirrel	H. punctatus (Temminck, 1853) Two subspecies H. p. punctatus H. p. savannius	Western Africa	Size: 18–19 cm (7 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	DD  Unknown
Zanj sun squirrel	H. undulatus (True, 1892)	Eastern Africa	Size: 23–24 cm (9 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, fruit, insects, and eggs	DD  Unknown

Genus Ictidomys – Allen, 1877 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Mexican ground squirrel	I. mexicanus (Erxleben, 1777)	Mexico and southern United States	Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and shrubland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel	I. tridecemlineatus (Mitchill, 1821)	United States and Canada	Size: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 6–14 cm (2–6 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and coastal marine Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Marmota – Blumenbach, 1779 – fourteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alaska marmot	M. broweri Hall & Gilmore, 1934	Northern Alaska	Size: 54–65 cm (21–26 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Alpine marmot	M. marmota (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies M. m. latirostris (Tatra marmot) M. m. marmota	Europe	Size: 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Black-capped marmot	M. camtschatica (Pallas, 1811) Three subspecies M. c. bungei M. c. camtschatica M. c. doppelmayri	Eastern Russia	Size: 46–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Bobak marmot	M. bobak (P. L. S. Müller, 1776) Two subspecies M. b. bobak M. b. tschaganensis	Western Asia and eastern Europe	Size: 49–57 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 10–13 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Gray marmot	M. baibacina Kaschtschenko, 1899 Three subspecies M. b. baibacina M. b. centralis M. b. kastschenkoi	Central Asia	Size: 46–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Other and grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Groundhog	M. monax (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies M. m. canadensis M. m. ignava M. m. monax M. m. rufescens	United States and Canada	Size: 42–66 cm (17–26 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Himalayan marmot	M. himalayana (Hodgson, 1841) Two subspecies M. h. himalayana M. h. robusta	Nepal and western China	Size: 46–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Hoary marmot	M. caligata (Eschscholtz, 1829) Three subspecies M. c. caligata M. c. cascadensis M. c. okanagana	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 17–25 cm (7–10 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas and grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Long-tailed marmot	M. caudata (Geoffroy, 1844) Three subspecies M. c. aurea M. c. caudata M. c. dichrous	Central Asia	Size: About 50 cm (20 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown
Menzbier's marmot	M. menzbieri (Kashkarov, 1925) Two subspecies M. m. menzbieri M. m. zachidovi	Central Asia	Size: About 49 cm (19 in) long, plus about 12 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	VU  Unknown
Olympic marmot	M. olympus (Merriam, 1898)	Northwestern United States	Size: 67–75 cm (26–30 in) long, plus 18–24 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  2,000–4,000
Tarbagan marmot	M. sibirica (Radde, 1862) Two subspecies M. s. caliginosus M. s. sibirica	Central Asia	Size: 36–49 cm (14–19 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and other Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	EN  Unknown
Vancouver Island marmot	M. vancouverensis (Swarth, 1911)	Vancouver Island in western Canada	Size: 66–69 cm (26–27 in) long, plus 19–22 cm (7–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and rocky areas Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	CR  90
Yellow-bellied marmot	M. flaviventris (Audubon & Bachman, 1841) Seven subspecies M. f. avara M. f. dacota M. f. flaviventris M. f. luteola M. f. nosophora M. f. notioros M. f. obscura	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 47–70 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 13–22 cm (5–9 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and rocky areas Diet: Grass and forbs, as well as fruit, grains, legumes, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Myosciurus – Thomas, 1909 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African pygmy squirrel	M. pumilio (LeConte, 1857)	Western Africa	Size: 7–8 cm (3 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit, bark, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Neotamias – Howell, 1929 – 23 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Allen's chipmunk	N. senex (Allen, 1890)	Western United States	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Alpine chipmunk	N. alpinus (Merriam, 1893)	Western United States	Size: 10–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas and forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Buller's chipmunk	N. bulleri (Allen, 1889)	Mexico	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	VU  Unknown
California chipmunk	N. obscurus (Allen, 1890)	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Desert and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Cliff chipmunk	N. dorsalis (Baird, 1855)	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Colorado chipmunk	N. quadrivittatus (Say, 1823)	Western United States	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 10 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, and forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Durango chipmunk	N. durangae (Allen, 1903)	Mexico	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Gray-collared chipmunk	N. cinereicollis (Allen, 1890)	Southwestern United States	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Gray-footed chipmunk	N. canipes (Bailey, 1902)	Southwestern United States	Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Hopi chipmunk	N. rufus (Hoffmeister & Ellis, 1979)	Southwestern United States	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 9–10 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and desert Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Least chipmunk	N. minimus (Bachman, 1839)	Canada and United States	Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Lodgepole chipmunk	N. speciosus (Merriam, 1890)	Western United States	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Long-eared chipmunk	N. quadrimaculatus (J. E. Gray, 1867)	Western United States	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Merriam's chipmunk	N. merriami (Allen, 1889)	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Palmer's chipmunk	N. palmeri (Merriam, 1897)	Western United States	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and rocky areas Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	EN  Unknown
Panamint chipmunk	N. panamintinus (Merriam, 1893)	Western United States	Size: 10–11 cm (4–4 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and rocky areas Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Red-tailed chipmunk	N. ruficaudus (Howell, 1920)	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 9–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Siskiyou chipmunk	N. siskiyou (Howell, 1922)	Western United States	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 10–11 cm (4 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Sonoma chipmunk	N. sonomae (Grinnell, 1915)	Western United States	Size: 13–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Townsend's chipmunk	N. townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Uinta chipmunk	N. umbrinus (Allen, 1890)	Western United States	Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Yellow-cheeked chipmunk	N. ochrogenys (Merriam, 1897)	Western United States	Size: 14–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Yellow-pine chipmunk	N. amoenus (Allen, 1890)	Western United States and western Canda	Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as flowers, fungi, insects, and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Notocitellus – Howell, 1938 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Ring-tailed ground squirrel	N. annulatus (Audubon & Bachman, 1842)	Central Mexico	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 21 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Tropical ground squirrel	N. adocetus (Merriam, 1903)	Mexico	Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, and forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Otospermophilus – Brandt, 1844 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
California ground squirrel	O. beecheyi (Richardson, 1829)	Western United States and western Mexico	Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Rock squirrel	O. variegatus (Erxleben, 1777)	Mexico and southwestern United States	Size: 43–54 cm (17–21 in) long, plus 17–26 cm (7–10 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and rocky areas Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Paraxerus – Forsyth Major, 1893 – eleven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alexander's bush squirrel	P. alexandri (Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)	Central Africa	Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 10–12 cm (4–5 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Black and red bush squirrel	P. lucifer (Thomas, 1897)	Southeastern Africa	Size: About 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 19–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	DD  Unknown
Boehm's bush squirrel	P. boehmi (Reichenow, 1886) Four subspecies P. b. antoniae P. b. boehmi P. b. emini P. b. gazellae	Central Africa	Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Cooper's mountain squirrel	P. cooperi (Hayman, 1950)	Western Africa	Size: 19–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus about 19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	DD  Unknown
Green bush squirrel	P. poensis (Smith, 1830)	Central and western Africa	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Ochre bush squirrel	P. ochraceus (Huet, 1880) Eight subspecies P. o. affinis P. o. animosus P. o. aruscensis P. o. electus P. o. ganana P. o. jacksoni P. o. kahari P. o. ochraceus	Eastern Africa	Size: 16–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 16–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Red bush squirrel	P. palliatus (Peters, 1852) Seven subspecies P. p. bridgemani P. p. frerei P. p. ornatus P. p. palliatus P. p. sponsus P. p. swynnertoni P. p. tanae	Eastern Africa	Size: About 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 20–21 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest and shrubland Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Smith's bush squirrel	P. cepapi (Smith, 1836) Ten subspecies P. c. bororensis P. c. carpi P. c. cepapi P. c. cepapoides P. c. chobiensis P. c. phalaena P. c. quotus P. c. sindi P. c. soccatus P. c. yulei	Southern Africa	Size: About 23 cm (9 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and savanna Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Striped bush squirrel	P. flavovittis (Peters, 1852) Four subspecies P. f. exgeanus P. f. flavovittis P. f. ibeanus P. f. mossambicus	Eastern Africa	Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail Habitat: Savanna Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Swynnerton's bush squirrel	P. vexillarius (Kershaw, 1923) Two subspecies P. v. byatti P. v. vexillarius	Tanzania	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 18–19 cm (7 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	LC  Unknown
Vincent's bush squirrel	P. vincenti Hayman, 1950	Mozambique	Size: 21–22 cm (8–9 in) long, plus about 21 cm (8 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds and fruit, as well as roots and eggs	EN  Unknown

Genus Poliocitellus – Howell, 1938 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Franklin's ground squirrel	P. franklinii (Sabine, 1822)	Central United States and southern Canada	Size: 23–24 cm (9 in) long, plus about 13 cm (5 in) tail Habitat: Savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Protoxerus – Forsyth Major, 1893 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Forest giant squirrel	P. stangeri (Waterhouse, 1842) Twelve subspecies P. s. bea P. s. centricola P. s. cooperi P. s. eborivorus P. s. kabobo P. s. kwango P. s. loandae P. s. nigeriae P. s. personatus P. s. signatus P. s. stangeri P. s. temminckii	Western and central Africa	Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 30–31 cm (12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit	LC  Unknown
Slender-tailed squirrel	P. aubinnii (Gray, 1873) Two subspecies P. a. aubinnii P. a. salae	Western Africa	Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail Habitat: Forest Diet: Seeds, nuts, and fruit	NT  Unknown

Genus Sciurotamias – Miller, 1901 – two species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Forrest's rock squirrel	S. forresti (Thomas, 1922)	Southern China	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 16 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas and shrubland Diet: Fruit and seeds	LC  Unknown
Père David's rock squirrel	S. davidianus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1867) Two subspecies S. d. consobrinus S. d. davidianus	China	Size: 20–21 cm (8 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail Habitat: Rocky areas Diet: Fruit and seeds	LC  Unknown

Genus Spermophilopsis – Blasius, 1884 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Long-clawed ground squirrel	S. leptodactylus (Lichtenstein, 1823) Three subspecies S. l. bactrianus S. l. heptopotamicus S. l. leptodactylus	Central Asia	Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 2–9 cm (1–4 in) tail Habitat: Desert, grassland, and shrubland Diet: Fruit, seeds, vegetation, and insects	LC  Unknown

Genus Spermophilus – F. Cuvier, 1825 – fifteen species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Alashan ground squirrel	S. alaschanicus (Büchner, 1888)	China and Mongolia	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus about 8 cm (3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Asia Minor ground squirrel	S. xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835)	Western Asia	Size: 14–23 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	NT  Unknown
Brandt's ground squirrel	S. brevicauda (Brandt, 1843)	Central Asia	Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 5 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Caucasian Mountain ground squirrel	S. musicus Ménétries, 1823	Southwestern Russia	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Daurian ground squirrel	S. dauricus Brandt, 1843	Eastern Asia	Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
European ground squirrel	S. citellus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Eastern Europe	Size: 17–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 3–9 cm (1–4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	EN  Unknown
Little ground squirrel	S. pygmaeus (Pallas, 1778)	Eastern Europe and western Asia	Size: 17–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Pallid ground squirrel	S. pallidicauda (Satunin, 1903)	Mongolia	Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Red-cheeked ground squirrel	S. erythrogenys Brandt, 1841	Central Asia	Size: 18–20 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Relict ground squirrel	S. relictus (Kashkarov, 1923)	Central Asia	Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Russet ground squirrel	S. major (Pallas, 1779)	Central Asia	Size: 25–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	NT  Unknown
Speckled ground squirrel	S. suslicus (Güldenstädt, 1770)	Eastern Europe and western Asia	Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	CR  Unknown
Taurus ground squirrel	S. taurensis Gündüz, Jaarola, Tez, Yeniyurt, Polly, & Searle, 2007	Turkey	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Unknown Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Tian Shan ground squirrel	S. nilkaensis Kuznetsov, 1948	Western China	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Yellow ground squirrel	S. fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823) Three subspecies S. f. fulvus S. f. hypoleucos S. f. oxianus	Central Asia	Size: 22–28 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Tamias – Illiger, 1811 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern chipmunk	T. striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Eastern United States and eastern Canada	Size: 14–15 cm (6 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and forest Diet: Nuts, seeds, fruit, and fungi	LC  Unknown

Genus Urocitellus – Obolenskij, 1927 – twelve species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Arctic ground squirrel	U. parryii Richardson, 1825	Northern Canada, Alaska, and eastern Russia	Size: 26–27 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Belding's ground squirrel	U. beldingi (Merriam, 1888)	Western United States	Size: 20–21 cm (8 in) long, plus 6–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and shrubland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Columbian ground squirrel	U. columbianus (Ord, 1815)	Western United States and western Canada	Size: 25–26 cm (10 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Long-tailed ground squirrel	U. undulatus Pallas, 1778	Central and eastern Asia	Size: 21–31 cm (8–12 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Merriam's ground squirrel	U. canus (Merriam, 1898)	Western United States	Size: 15–16 cm (6 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Northern Idaho ground squirrel	U. brunneus (Howell, 1928)	Western United States	Size: 17–18 cm (7 in) long, plus about 6 cm (2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	EN  1,000
Piute ground squirrel	U. mollis (Kennicott, 1863)	Western United States	Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Richardson's ground squirrel	U. richardsonii (Sabine, 1822)	Northern United States and southern Canada	Size: 26–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Townsend's ground squirrel	U. townsendii (Bachman, 1839)	Northwestern United States	Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	VU  Unknown
Uinta ground squirrel	U. armatus (Kennicott, 1863)	Western United States	Size: About 22 cm (9 in) long, plus 6–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Washington ground squirrel	U. washingtoni (Howell, 1938)	Northwestern United States	Size: 18–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 3–7 cm (1–3 in) tail Habitat: Shrubland and grassland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	NT  Unknown
Wyoming ground squirrel	U. elegans (Kennicott, 1863)	Northwestern United States	Size: About 20 cm (8 in) long, plus about 7 cm (3 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and shrubland Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Xerospermophilus – Merriam, 1892 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Mohave ground squirrel	X. mohavensis (Merriam, 1889)	Western United States	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	NT  Unknown
Perote ground squirrel	X. perotensis (Merriam, 1893)	Central Mexico	Size: 24–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail Habitat: Forest, grassland, and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	EN  Unknown
Round-tailed ground squirrel	X. tereticaudus (Baird, 1858)	Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico	Size: 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail Habitat: Desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown
Spotted ground squirrel	X. spilosoma (Bennett, 1833)	Mexico and central and western United States	Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail Habitat: Grassland and desert Diet: Seeds, nuts, grains, roots, bulbs, fungi, vegetation, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs	LC  Unknown

Genus Xerus – Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
African striped ground squirrel	X. erythropus Geoffroy, 1803 Six subspecies X. e. chadensis X. e. erythropus X. e. lacustris X. e. leucoumbrinus X. e. limitaneus X. e. microdon	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna Diet: Roots, seeds, fruit, grains, insects, small vertebrates, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Cape ground squirrel	X. inauris (Zimmermann, 1780)	Southern Africa	Size: 24–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 19–21 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Desert, shrubland, and savanna Diet: Roots, seeds, fruit, grains, insects, small vertebrates, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Mountain ground squirrel	X. princeps (Thomas, 1929)	Southern Africa	Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 21–28 cm (8–11 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and shrubland Diet: Roots, seeds, fruit, grains, insects, small vertebrates, and eggs	LC  Unknown
Unstriped ground squirrel	X. rutilus (Cretzschmar, 1828) Eight subspecies X. r. dabagala X. r. dorsalis X. r. intensus X. r. massaicus X. r. rufifrons X. r. rutilus X. r. saturatus X. r. stephanicus	Eastern Africa	Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail Habitat: Savanna and shrubland Diet: Roots, seeds, fruit, grains, insects, small vertebrates, and eggs	LC  Unknown

Sources

• Chernasky, Amy; Motis, Anna; Burgin, Connor, eds. (2023). All the Mammals of the World. Lynx Nature Books. ISBN 978-84-16728-66-4.
• Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World. Vol. 2 (6th ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8.
• Thorington, Jr., Richard W.; Hoffmann, Robert S. (2005). Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.